Study Guide

About This Guide

I teach four online courses: History of Western Civilization, Crusades, Late Middle Ages, and the Reformation. Rather than make a study guide for each, I have created a single resource for all.

For the most part, the information here applies equally to all four courses. In a few places, however, there is information specific to a course or group of courses. In such cases, I have identified the course-specific content with the following symbols:

<westciv> …content… </westciv> for Western Civ students specifically
<crusades> …content… </crusades> for Crusades students specifically
<lma> …content… </lma> for Late Middle Ages students specifically
<ref> …content… </ref> for Reformation students specifically
<upper> …content… </upper> for all upper-division students (Crusades, Late Middle Ages, and Reformation)