“Provide text alternatives for any non-text content so that it can be changed into other forms people need, such as large print, braille, speech, symbols or simpler language.” – WCAG 2.2, Guideline 1.1 –
A text alternative can include an alternative text description on an image, closed captioning or audio description of media. Even labels on buttons and form fields, and descriptive link text are types of text alternatives. Providing these text alternatives is a critical first step towards creating accessible content for all.
What is it?
Content not presented in a text format is “non-text content.” This includes audio, images, videos, and sometimes documents.
Why does this matter?
Many people have limitations that affect how they consume content, whether it’s temporary, permanent, related to their environment, or caused by a disability. We all process information uniquely.
Some individuals prefer specific formats, and most people use multiple devices for content consumption. For some, text alternatives are essential, while for others, they might be needed occasionally.
How do I add text alternatives for my non-text content?
There are several ways to add text descriptions to your digital content. From images to media files and hyperlinks, every non-text element requires an alternative. Find tips for getting started by reviewing the following categories.
Audio
Audio
For pre-recorded audio files, include a text description or transcript on the same page as the audio player. If you can’t provide a text description that accurately reflects the audio on the same page, include a link to a transcript of the speech and non-speech audio.
Documents
Documents
Documents are difficult for most users for a variety of reasons. PDF documents are best in a printed format and are a poor substitute for HTML web pages. They don’t resize well on mobile screens and can be difficult to make accessible for users of assistive technology.
Since documents pose multiple accessibility challenges, it’s good practice to create an accessible HTML version of the content. When sharing documents on the web, clearly label the link description to let users know they are opening a document.
For all documents, perform accessibility reviews to ensure all content is tagged correctly. Text content must have tags to indicate headings, and paragraphs. Tables must have clearly defined heading rows. Images require alternative text descriptions. Lastly, the document has a logical reading order.
Images
Images
Images require an alternative text description that describes the purpose and function of the content.
Most tools available at Boise State, (Microsoft 365, G Suite, Canvas, WordPress) have options to add alternative text to image properties. If you are using other software programs or social media platforms, try doing a Google Search to learn more about their accessibility features.
The W3C Alt Text Decision Tree is a great resource to think through what type of alt text to provide on your images.
Video
Video
Live video with synchronized audio requires closed captions. Audio description is also recommended but not required for live video.
If you are using pre-recorded video with synchronized audio, you must provide captions and audio description.
The Described and Captioned Media Program provides tips and resources for captioning and describing your video content.
Buttons and Links
Buttons and Links
Buttons and links also require text alternatives that are descriptive. Instead of adding the hyperlink, add a descriptive text label. Instead of leaving a button name as “button” give it a descriptive name.
Other Types of Non-Text Content
Other Types of Non-Text Content
For tips on other types of non-text content, see Examples of Success Criterion 1.1.1
Bottom Line…
No one interprets information in the same way. Robust alternatives for non-text content gives your audience greater control over how the interact with your content.