Positive Action References

Allred, C. G. (1987). Positive Action Principal’s Kit. Twin Falls, ID: The Positive Action Company.

Allred, C. G. (1995). Positive Actions for Living. Twin Falls, ID: The Positive Action Company.

Allred, C. G. (1997). Positive Action Counselor’s Kit. Twin Falls, ID: The Positive Action Company.

Allred, C. G. (1998). Using Positive Action for the prevention, intervention and treatment of
youth at risk. In R. Warkentin & D. Rea (Eds.), Youth-adult partnerships: Unity in diversity (pp. 35-40). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Bavarian, N., Lewis, K. M., Acock, A., DuBois, D. L., Yan, Z., Vuchinich, S., … & Flay, B. R. (2016). Effects of a school-based social–emotional and character development program on health behaviors: A matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 37(1), 87-105.

Bavarian, N., Lewis, K. M., DuBois, D. L., Acock, A., Vuchinich, S., N., S., . . . Flay, B. R. (2013). Using social-emotional and character development to improve academic outcomes: A matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled trial in low-income, urban schools. Journal of School Health, 83(11), 771-779.

Beets, M. W., Flay, B. R., Vuchinich, S., Acock, A., Li, K. K., & Allred, C. G. (2008). School climate and teachers’ beliefs and attitudes associated with implementation of the Positive Action program: A diffusion of innovations model. Prevention Science, 9(4), 264-275. doi: DOI 10.1007/s11121-008-0100-2

Beets, M. W., Flay, B. R., Vuchinich, S., Snyder, F. J., Acock, A., Li, K.-K., . . . Durlak, J. A. (2009). Use of a social and character development program to prevent substance use, violent behaviors, and sexual activity among elementary students in Hawai`i. American Journal of Public Health, 99(8), 1438-1445. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.142919

Day, J., Ji, P., DuBois, D. L., Silverthorn, N., & Flay, B. (2015). Cumulative social environmental adversity exposure as predictor of psychological distress and risk behavior in urban youth. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 1-17.

Flay, B. R., & Allred, C. G. (2003). Long-term effects of the Positive Action program: A comprehensive, positive youth development program. American Journal of Health Behavior, 27(Supplement 1), S6-S21

Flay, B. R., Allred, C. G., & Ordway, N. (2001). Effects of the Positive Action program on achievement and discipline: Two matched-control comparisons. Prevention Science, 2(2), 71-89.

Ji, P., DuBois, D. L., & Flay, B. R. (2013). Social-Emotional and Character Development Scale: Development and initial validation with urban elementary school students. Journal of Research on Character Education, 9(2), 121-147.

Ji, P., DuBois, D. L., Flay, B. R., & Brechling, V. (2008). “Congratulations, you have been randomized into the control group!(?)”: Issues to consider when recruiting schools for matched-pair randomized control trials of prevention programs. Journal of School Health, 78(3), 131-139.

Ji, P., Flay, B. R., DuBois, D. L., Brechling, V., Day, J., & Cantillon, D. (2006). Consent form return rates for third-grade urban elementary students. American Journal of Health Behavior, 30(5), 467-474.

Lewis, K. M., Bavarian, N., Snyder, F. J., Acock, A., Day, J., DuBois, D. L., . . . Flay, B. R. (2012). Direct and mediated effects of a social emotional and character development program on adolescent substance use. The International Journal of Emotional Education, 4(1), 56-78.

Lewis, K. M., DuBois, D. L., Bavarian, N., Acock, A., Silverthorn, N., Day, J., . . . Flay, B. R. (2013). Effects of Positive Action on the emotional health of urban youth: A cluster- randomized trial. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(6), 706-711. doi: 0.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.06.012

Lewis, K. M., Schure, M. B., Bavarian, N., DuBois, D. L., Day, J., Ji, P., . . . Flay, B. R. (2013). Problem behavior and urban, low-income youth: A randomized controlled trial of Positive Action in Chicago. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 44(6), 622-630. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.01.030

Lewis, K. M., Vuchinich, S., Ji, P., DuBois, D. L., Acock, A., Bavarian, N., . . . Flay, B. R. (2016). Effects of the Positive Action program on indicators of positive youth development among urban youth. Applied Developmental Science, 20(1), 16-28. doi: 10.1080/10888691.2015.1039123

Malloy, M., Acock, A., DuBois, D. L., Vuchinich, S., Silverthorn, N., Ji, P., & Flay, B. R. (2015). Teachers’ perceptions of school organizational climate as predictors of dosage and quality of implementation of a social-emotional and character development program. Prevention Science, 16, 1086-1095. doi: DOI 10.1007/s11121-014-0534-7

Positive Action Inc. (2007). Positive Action measures. Twin Falls, ID: Positive Action, Inc. Retrieved Sept 20, 2008 from http://www.positiveaction.net/support/index.asp?ID1=2&ID2=215

Silverthorn, N., DuBois, D. L., Lewis, K. M., Reed, A., Bavarian, N., Day, J., … & Flay, B. R. (2017). Effects of a school-based social-emotional and character development program on self-esteem levels and processes: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Sage Open, 7(3), 2158244017713238.

Snyder, F. J., Flay, B. R., Vuchinich, S., Acock, A., Washburn, I. J., Beets, M. W., & Li, K.-K. (2010). Impact of a social-emotional and character education program on school-level indicators of academic achievement, absenteeism, and disciplinary outcomes: A matched pair, cluster randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 3(1), 26-55.

Snyder, F. J., Vuchinich, S., Acock, A., Washburn, I. J., & Flay, B. R. (2012). Improving elementary school quality through the use of a social-emotional and character development program: A matched-pair, cluster-randomized, controlled trial in Hawai’i. Journal of School Health, 82(1), 11-20. doi: Doi 10.1111/J.1746-1561.2011.00662.X

Vuchinich, S., Flay, B. R., Aber, L., & Bickman, L. (2012). Person mobility in the design and analysis of cluster-randomized cohort prevention trials. Prevention Science, 13(3), 300- 313. doi: 10.1007/s11121-011-0265-y

Washburn, I. J., Acock, A. C., Vuchinich, S., Snyder, F. J., Li, K.-K., Ji, P., . . . Flay, B. R. (2011). Effects of a social-emotional and character development program on the trajectory of behaviors associated with character development: Findings from three randomized trials. Prevention Science, 12, 314-323. doi: 10.1007/s11121-011-0230-9