Aim 1c

Goal: To test two- and three-stage mediation (i.e., causal chains) models measuring variations in behavioral, emotional and academic outcomes. In addition, test multiple simultaneous mediator models to fully explore measuring variations in SECD and behavioral outcomes

It is hypothesized that two- and possibly three-stage mediation chains (i.e., causal chains) exist that explain PA effects on student outcomes. To test plausible mediation chains,the LGCM represented in one of the Figures 3 & 4 will be extended (depending on the type of mediator already in the model) by inserting a second mediator into the model between PA and the original mediator. The insertion of the second mediator provides the ability to test the effects of PA on both mediators, the effects of the mediators on the DV, and the change in PA effects on the DV when the two mediators are part of the model.

One hypothesized mediation chain explains the effects of PA on student outcomes through climate perceptions and then SECD. When testing this hypothesis, each mediator will first be tested individually for its ability to explain PA effects on student outcomes. Next, student perceptions of school climate will be added to the model that already has SECD as a mediator. Changes in PA effects on student outcomes will be compared for the different mediation models, which will allow conclusions to be drawn on the ability of the mediation chain to help explain some, if not all, of the PA effects on student outcomes.