Research

Koerner, C. and Borrelli, R.A. A Collaborative-Based Siting Case Study of Yucca Mountain Siting: The Willrich Report Predictions, American Nuclear Society Meeting, Washington DC, forthcoming – November 2025.

Borrelli, R.A., Araújo, K., Koerner, C., and Djokic, D. (2024). Consent-based Siting for Nuclear Fuel: The Common Ground Consortium Focus on Research and Public Conversations, Annual Meeting Proceedings, American Nuclear Society.

LaBrier, D., Araújo, K., Bernards, M. (2024). Development of an On-line Graduate Certificate for Nuclear Safeguards and Security, Annual Meeting Proceedings, American Nuclear Society.

Araújo, K. and Koerner, C. An Assessment of Policies and Regional Diversification with Energy, Critical Minerals, and Economic Development in Emerging Markets, Emerging Energy Market Analysis Initiative, Report for the U.S. Department of Energy,  2023.

Lenhart, S. and Davies, L. Western Electricity Emerging Markets: State-Level Regulatory Analysis, 2023.

Shropshire, D., Araújo, K., Koerner, C., Bell, C., Fauske, G., Johnson, R., Parsons, J., Gerace, S., Holubynak, E., Righetti, T., Aumeier, S. Evaluation of State-Level Legal, Regulatory, Economic, and Technology Implications, Emerging Energy Market Analysis Initiative, U.S. Department of Energy, INL/RPT-23-71733, 2023.

Araújo, K. and He, Y., Revitalizing Communities with Diversification in Clean Energy and Advanced Manufacturing, Report chapter. Roosevelt Report, 2022.

Karplus, V., Araújo, K., He, Y. The Workforce in a Clean Energy Transition, Report chapter, Roosevelt Report, 2022.

Aumeier, S., Shropshire, D., Allen, T., Araujo, K., Bell, C., Craig, M., Parsons, J., Righetti, T., Methodological Framework, Emerging Energy Market Analysis Initiative, U.S. Department of Energy,  INL/EXT-21-65347-Rev000, November 2021.

Shropshire, D., Black, G., and Araújo, K. Global Market Analysis for Microreactors, U.S. Department of Energy Microreactor Program, INL/EXT-21-63214-Rev000, July 2021.

Garn, K., Kharel, P., and Koerner C., Energy, Adoption Factors and Urban Policy in Miniaturized Home Use, Technical and Policy Brief, 21.1, CAES Energy Policy Institute, 2021.

Koerner, C., Araújo, K., Mitchell, T. and Bryan, H. Energy Literacy in K-12 Education: Evaluating Energy Learning Potential and Gaps through a Survey of Idaho Teachers, Technical and Policy Brief, 20.1, CAES Energy Policy Institute, 2020.

Lenhart, S. Pumped Storage: Could the Next Generation of Technologies Contribute to Addressing Energy Resilience Needs? Technical and Policy Brief, 20.2, CAES Energy Policy Institute., 2020.

Van Woerden, I., Savage, B., Mashal, M., Mahar, J., and Araujo, K., An Economic and Safety Assessment of Hydropower in Idaho, White paper, Center for Advanced Energy Studies, 2020.

Energy Policy Institute, Idaho National Lab, Idaho Fluor and Boise State. Nuclear Waste Reports for the Idaho State Leadership in Nuclear Energy (LINE) Commission, 2019:

• Calcine
• Remote-handled Mixed Low-Level Waste
• Sodium-bearing Waste
• Spent Nuclear Fuel and
• Transuranic Waste.

Chan, G., Lenhart, S., Forsberg, L., Grimley, M., Wilson, E. Barriers and Opportunities for Distributed Energy Resources in Minnesota’s Municipal Utilities and Electric Cooperatives, Report., 2019. (Research sponsored by the McKnight Foundation)

Larsen, B., Osterhout, G., Crossgrove-Fry, V. and Araújo, K., Boise’s Energy Future, Survey and Technical Report for the City Council of Boise’s decision to adopt a 100% clean electricity goal by 2035, 2019.

Araújo, K. and Pepper, S. Cyber-Nuclear Risk Assessment, Technical Report, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 2018.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (2018). Deployment Indicators for Small Modular Reactors: Methodologies, Analysis of Key Factors and Case Studies, Technical Report/Techdoc 1854. Based on EPI research: Black, G., Taylor Black, M., Solan, D., & Shropshire, D. Carbon free energy development and the role of small modular reactors: A review and decision framework for deployment in developing countries, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 43 (2015), 83-94.

• Kalapodis, N., Sakkas, G., Kazantzidou-Firtinidou, D., Alcasena, F., Cardarilli, M., Eftychidis, G., Koerner, C., Moore-Merrell, L., Gugliandolo, E., Demestichas, K. and Kolaitis, D. (2025). Towards Resilient Critical Infrastructure in the Face of Extreme Wildfire Events: Lessons and Policy Pathways from the US and EU. Infrastructures, 10(9), p.246.
• Araújo, K., Potter, E.S., Kouts, A., Newman, O., Milarvie, M., Carcas, F., Koerner, C. and Placido, J. (2025). An International Review of Hydrogen Technology and Policy Developments, with a Focus on Wind and Nuclear Power-Produced Hydrogen, plus Natural Hydrogen. Energies.
• Araújo, K. (Ed.). (2023). Routledge Handbook of Energy Transitions. Routledge: London, UK (print version). Best Edited Volume on Energy, American Energy Society.
• Root, S., Throckmorton, P., Tacke, J., Benjamin, J., Haney, M., and Borrelli, R. A. (2023). Cyber Hardening of Nuclear Power Plants with Real-time Nuclear Reactor Operation – 1. Preliminary Operational Testing, Progress in Nuclear Energy 162, 104742.
• Farnes, A., Weber, K., Koerner, C., Araújo, K., and Forsgren, C. (2023). The Power Grid/Wildfire Nexus: Using GIS and Satellite Remote Sensing to Identify Vulnerabilities. Fire, 6, 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6050187
• Lenhart, S., and Fox, D. (2022). Participatory Democracy in Dynamic Contexts: A Review of Regional Transmission Organization Governance in the United States. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. 83, 102345.
• Araújo, K. (2022). “The Evolving Field of Energy Transitions,” in: Araújo, K. (Ed.). Routledge Handbook of Energy Transitions. Routledge: London, UK.
• Araújo, K. (2022). “A Roadmap for Concepts and Theory of Energy Transitions,” in: Araújo, K. (Ed.). Routledge Handbook of Energy Transitions. Routledge: London, UK.
• Araújo, K., Foxon, T., Markard, J., Raven, R. and Schaffer, R. (2022). “Reconceptualizing the Next Frontier,” in: Araújo, K. (Ed.). Routledge Handbook of Energy Transitions. Routledge: London, UK.
• Black, G., Shropshire, D., Araujo, K., van Heek, A. (2022). Nuclear Microreactors: A Review of the Technology, Economics and Regulatory Considerations, Nuclear Technology.
• Mena, P., Borrelli, R.A., and Kerby, L. (2022). Survey of Markets for Nuclear Power in Western North America, International Journal of Energy, Environment and Economics, 29 (1).
• Lenhart, S., Chan, G., Grimley, M., & Wilson, E. (2022). Comparing and Contrasting the Institutional Relationships and Energy System Governance of European and U.S. Electric Cooperatives. in: (Eds.)  Feldpausch-Parker, A.,  Endres, M., Peterson, T., & Gomez, S, Handbook of Energy Democracy. Routledge: London, UK.
• Redfoot, E., Verner, K., and Borrelli, R.A. (2022) Applying Analytic Hierarchy Process to Industrial Process Design in a Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy System, Progress in Nuclear Energy, 145(104083). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2021.104083.
• Lenhart, S. and Fox, D. (2021). Structural Power in Sustainability Transitions: Case Studies of Energy Storage Integration into Regional Transmission Organization Decision Processes. Front. Clim. 3, 1–17.
• Araújo, K. and Shropshire, D. (2021). A Meta-Level Framework for Evaluating Resilience in Net-Zero Carbon Power Systems with Extreme Weather Events in the United States, Energies, 14(14), 4243; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144243.
  
• Lenhart, S. and Araújo, K. (2021). Microgrid Decision-making by Public Power Utilities in the United States: A Critical Assessment of Adoption and Technological Profiles, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 139, 110692.
• Koerner, C., Araujo, K., Mitchell, T., and Bryan, H. (2021). What is the State of K-12 Energy Education in Idaho? Blue Review.
• Subharwall, P., Gibb., J., Ritter, C., Araújo, K., Gupta, A., Ferguson, I., Fisher, R., Ballout, Y. (2021). Cybersecurity for Microreactors in Advanced Energy Systems, Cyber Security.
• Lenhart, S., Chan, G., Forsberg, L., Grimley, M. and Wilson, E. (2020). Municipal Utilities and Electric Cooperatives in the United States, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 36, 17-33. (Research sponsored by the McKnight Foundation).
• Sears, R. (2020). Energy Futures: Oil and the Oil Industry, The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 26:2.
• Phillips, T., McJunkin, T., Rieger, C., Gardner, J., Mehrpouyan, H. (2020). An Operational Resilience Metric for Modern Power Distribution Systems, Proceedings, 2020 IEEE 20th International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security.
• Black, G., Shropshire, D., Araújo, K., (2020). Small Modular Reactor Adoption: Opportunities and Challenges for Emerging Markets, in Ingersoll, D. (Ed.) Handbook of Small Modular Reactors (2nd Ed.). Elsevier: New York, NY.
• Gattie, D. and Massey, J. (2020). Twenty-First Century U.S. Nuclear Power: A National Security Imperative, Strategic Studies Quarterly, 14:3, 122-143.
• 2019 Best Paper Award – Araújo, K., Mahajan, D., Kerr, R., and da Silva, M.  Global Biofuels at the Crossroads: An Overview of Technical, Policy and Investment Complexities in the Sustainability of Biofuels Development, Agriculture, 7:4.
• Black, G., Aydogan, F., and Koerner, C. (2019). Economic Viability of Light Water Small Modular Reactors: General Methodology and Vendor Data, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 103: 248-258.
• Araújo, K., Boucher, J., Aphale, O. (2019). A Clean Energy Assessment of Early Adopters in Electric Vehicle and Solar Photovoltaic Technology, Journal of Cleaner Production, 216, 99-116.
• Nordhaus, R. R., & Kalen, S. (2018). Energy Follies: Missteps, Fiascos, and Successes of America’s Energy Policy. Cambridge University Press.

• Godby, R., Taylor, D. T., & Coupal, R. (2018). Wind Development, Tax Policy and Economic Development Tradeoffs. The Electricity Journal, 31:5, 46-54.

• Koerner, C. Wildfire and electric grid: Crisis requires long-term planning rather than rapid response. The Hill, August 11, 2022.
• Howland, E. SOO Green transmission project faces PJM obstacles: Are grid operators hindering the energy transition? Utility Dive Deep Dive, January 13, 2022.
• Penrod, E. Idaho Power to accelerate coal retirements, add 3.8 GW clean energy, Utility Dive Brief, January 7, 2022.
• Willson, M. Idaho Utility’s Coal Exit Sparks NIMBY Grid Fight, Energy Wire, November 30, 2020.
• Halgatte, S. and Hammer, S. Thinking Ahead for a Sustainable Recovery from COVID 19, World Bank Blogs, March 30, 2020.
• Bakhtian, N. Diversity Plays a Role at CAES, Post Register, March 29, 2020.
• Boise State University, Innovative Partnership Powers Student Education in ’21st Century Opportunities and Challenges in Energy’, Boise State News, February 26, 2020.
• Gardner, J. Energy Efficiency Codes Fact Sheet, Submitted for the Idaho Senate Commerce Committee session on energy codes, February 4, 2020.
• Gattie, D. (2019). Testimony before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Energy and Commerce, Building a 100% Clean Economy.
• Gattie, D. U.S. Nuclear Power: America’s Brand is at Risk, Morning Consult, October 29, 2019.
• Bakhtian, N. (2019). Testimony before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Appropriations, Energy Workforce Opportunities and Challenges.
• Gattie, D. (2018). The Problem with California Going All-in on Solar Energy. The Hill.
• Godby, R. (2018). Interview: Coal Jobs Have Gone Up Under Trump, But Not Because Of His Policies. National Public Radio.
• Godby, R. (2018). Interview: Coal Country: EPA Plan Is Short Term Boost, No Solution For Industry Decline. National Public Radio.

• Araújo, K. (2021). Introduction to the Special Issue from the 10th Anniversary Energy Policy Conference, The Electricity Journal, 34(10).
• Forsberg, C. (2021). Addressing the low-carbon million-gigawatt-hour energy storage challenge, The Electricity Journal, 34(10).
• Glenn, B., O’Brien, J.F., and D. Roberson. (2021). Assessing the limitations of just-in-time energy delivery in the ERCOT interconnection, The Electricity Journal, 34(10).
• Reed, L., Abrahams, L., Cohen, A., Majkut, J… Prochnik, J. (2021). How are we going to build all that clean energy infrastructure? Considering private enterprise, public initiative, and hybrid approaches to the challenge of electricity transmission, The Electricity Journal, 34(10).
• Fitzgerald, T. and M. Giberson. (2021). Wind project performance with age: Policy, technology, markets, and the maturing wind power industry, The Electricity Journal, 34(10).
• Tiwari, S., Schelly, C., and R. Sidortsov. (2021). Developing a legal framework for energy storage technologies in the U.S: The case of pumped underground storage hydro, The Electricity Journal, 34(10).
• Kemabonta, T. (2021). Grid Resilience analysis and planning of electric power systems: The case of the 2021 Texas electricity crises caused by winter storm Uri (#TexasFreeze), The Electricity Journal, 34(10).
• Kunkel, L.C. (2021). Localizing energy decision-making through community choice: The Utah community renewable energy act, The Electricity Journal, 34(10).
• Kelly, A., Stainsby, W. and C. Sinnamon. (2021). Measuring persistence of energy savings after COVID-19, The Electricity Journal, 34(10).
• Karas, N., Colvin, M., Kelly, T., Murphy, E. and T. O’Connor. (2021). Aligning gas regulation with climate goals: A road map for state regulators, The Electricity Journal, 34(10).
• Ali, M. (2021). Urbanisation and energy consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa, The Electricity Journal, 34(10).

• Braun, G. (2019). State policies for collaborative local renewable integration, The Electricity Journal, 33(1).
• Grubert, E. (2019). Conventional hydroelectricity and the future of energy: Linking national inventory of dams and energy information administration data to facilitate analysis of hydroelectricity, The Electricity Journal, 33(1).
• Gattie, D. (2019). U.S. energy, climate and nuclear power policy in the 21st century: The primacy of national security, The Electricity Journal, 33(1).
• Baek, Y.,  Collingsworth, J., Clemmer, S., Gignac, J., … Sattler, S. (2019). The economic feasibility of solar and storage system in Illinois, The Electricity Journal, 33(1).
• Bell, J., Kharadia, N. and Roberson, D. (2019). Fuel supply chains in the Western Interconnect: Evaluating availability during extreme weather events, The Electricity Journal, 33(1).
• Schmitt, R. (2019). Pursuing innovative finance models to enable beneficial energy and water infrastructure and systems, The Electricity Journal, 33(1).
• Sattler,S. Clemmer, S., Richardson, J., Cowin, R. (2019). Opportunities in energy: National policy approaches for addressing climate change, The Electricity Journal, 33(1).

• Baatz, B., Relf, G., & Nowak, S. (2018). The role of energy efficiency in a distributed energy future. The Electricity Journal, 31(10), 13-16.
• Cole, W., & Frazier, A. W. (2018). Impacts of increasing penetration of renewable energy on the operation of the power sector. The Electricity Journal, 31(10), 24-31.
• eMotorWerks: EV Charging Is Utilities’ Friend, Not Foe. The Electricity Journal, 31(10), 61-62.
• Gattie, D. K., Darnell, J. L., & Massey, J. N. K. (2018). The role of U.S. nuclear power in the 21st century. The Electricity Journal, 31(10), 1-5.

• Michaud, G. (2018). Deploying solar energy with community choice aggregation: A carbon fee model. The Electricity Journal, 31(10), 32-38.
• O’Brien, C. C. (2018). Is bad performance the answer to saving the nuclear power industry? The Electricity Journal, 31(10), 6-12.
• Pauer, S. U. (2018). Including electricity imports in California’s cap-and-trade program: A case study of a border carbon adjustment in practice. The Electricity Journal, 31(10), 39-45.
• Ptak, T., Nagel, A., Radil, S. M., & Phayre, D. (2018). Rethinking community: Analyzing the landscape of community solar through the community-place nexus. The Electricity Journal, 31(10), 46-51.
• Residential Storage Capacity Moves Rapidly beyond Niche Status in U.S. The Electricity Journal, 31(10), 62.
• Sattler, S., Gignac, J., Collingsworth, J., Clemmer, S., & Garcia, P. (2018). Achieving a clean energy transition in Illinois: economic and public health benefits of replacing coal plants in Illinois with local clean energy alternatives. The Electricity Journal, 31(10), 52-59.
• Virtual Power Plants Emerge As New Business Model. The Electricity Journal, 31(10), 60-61.
• Wadsack, K., Nielsen, E., Auberle, W., & Acker, T. (2018). Implications of energy storage and climate change for pollution control under the Clean Air Act. The Electricity Journal, 31(10), 17-23.

• Fowler, L., & Johnson, A. T. (2017). Overlapping authorities in US energy policy. The Electricity Journal, 30(9), 1-5.
• Kaatz, J. (2017). Resolving the conflict between new and old: A comparison of New York, California and other state DER proceedings. The Electricity Journal, 30(9), 6-13.
• Richards, J., & Cole, W. J. (2017). Assessing the impact of nuclear retirements on the US power sector. The Electricity Journal, 30(9), 14-21.
• Gagnon, P., Cole, W. J., Frew, B., & Margolis, R. (2017). The impact of retail electricity tariff evolution on solar photovoltaic deployment. The Electricity Journal, 30(9), 22-28.
• Baatz, B. J., Relf, G., & Kelly, M. (2017). Consequences of large customer opt-out: An Ohio example. The Electricity Journal, 30(9), 29-36.
• Chan, G., Evans, I., Grimley, M., Ihde, B., & Mazumder, P. (2017). Design choices and equity implications of community shared solar. The Electricity Journal, 30(9), 37-41.
• Fallahi, Z., & Smith, A. D. (2017). Economic and emission-saving benefits of utilizing demand response and distributed renewables in microgrids. The Electricity Journal, 30(9), 42-49.
• Forrester, S. P., Zaman, A., Mathieu, J. L., & Johnson, J. X. (2017). Policy and market barriers to energy storage providing multiple services. The Electricity Journal, 30(9), 50-56.
• Stoll, B., Buechler, E., & Hale, E. (2017). The value of demand response in Florida. The Electricity Journal, 30(9), 57-64.