Event: Clinical and Translational Scholarship Conference 2023 eProgram

Poster #1
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Nightlife Human Behavior

Nafees Alam, Boise State University; Nicholas Montgomery, Challenger Hospitality Group, Inc. 

This poster presentation shares preliminary findings from Boise State’s IRB-approved research study on nightlife human behavior (041-SB22-134). Collaborating with Challenger Hospitality Group, Inc., initial qualitative data analysis suggests that there are some trends for intentional study over the next three years of data collection. These trends include how people initiate the romantic sequence, behavioral differences based on the size of the group, the perceived influence of alcohol versus the actual influence of alcohol in behavioral modification, personality traits in the treatment of staff, organizational security protocols, etc.

Poster #2
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

The Social & Emotional Health Benefits of a Gym Membership

Nafees Alam, Boise State University; EJ Leitzinger, Boise State University

Although much data has been collected, analyzed, and disseminated on the physical and mental health benefits of a gym membership, this poster presentation aims specifically to share information related to the social and emotional health benefits of a gym membership. The culture and support of a positive gym environment can help people find a sense of belonging. Such a feeling can then help people learn to find success outside of the gym environment by replicating the process of finding success in the gym. There is an understanding that everyone at the gym is working toward a positive goal, this understanding can be contagious to other members in such a way that the pursuit of success starts in the gym and continues into other areas of a person’s life.

Poster #3
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Bridging the Gap Between Mixed Reality and Neurotechnology: GALEA

Ranya Almandawi, Boise State University Ana Anghel, Boise State University, Timothy Buckles, Boise State University, Annie L Hoffman, Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine, Gustavo Gonzalez-Cuevas, Idaho State University

Galea is the next paradigm shift in neurocomputing of the future. As the most complex multimodal physiological pilot device in existence, Galea (owned by OpenBCI) combines mixed reality (XR) with state-of-the-art biosensing and brain-computer interfacing (BCI) techniques. It comes equipped with multiple biosensors to simultaneously monitor biometric data streams (i.e., heart, skin, muscles, eyes, and brain) in real time and is designed to seamlessly attach to head-mounted displays (HMD), including virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) devices. At the forefront of cybernetics research and clinical applications, Galea will help to decode the human mind (i.e., quantifying internal states) as well as to solve mental disorders by combining data from multiple biosensors (other than just brain data) in a comfortable, reliable, and reproducible way. In the context of the pharmaceutical sciences (just one example of many), Galea will be an invaluable tool to validate drugs’ effects for treating mental disorders.

Poster #4
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia through the Lens of EEG and ERPs

Dr. Gustavo Gonzalez-Cuevas, Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Idaho State University (Faculty Mentor); Ana Anghel, (Boise State University);Ranya Almandawi, (Boise State University); Timothy Buckles, (Boise State University); Annie Hoffman, (Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine); Gustavo Gonzalez-Cuevas, (Idaho state University)

Schizophrenia, affecting approximately 1% of the human population, is a major debilitating disorder characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Unlike the other two hallmark symptoms, cognitive impairments are poorly treated psychopharmacologically and widely believed to remain stable following the disorder onset. A window of opportunity into these cognitive dysfunctions is offered by neurotechnologies such as the electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs). For example, EEG’s high temporal resolution is ideally suited to examine rapidly changing patterns of brain activities that underlie human cognitive dysfunction. In individuals with schizophrenia, impairments in cognitive domains such as attention, working memory, visual and verbal learning, and executive functioning can be measured through EEG abnormalities in alpha, theta, and gamma activity, as well as several ERP components. All in all, the combination of these electric biomarkers and machine learning procedures may help in predicting the prognosis of individuals with schizophrenia as well as improving their treatment cognitive outcomes.

Poster #5
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

A 4-year Retrospective on the Postoperative Admission of Posterior Fossa Tumor Resection Patients to the Neuroscience Ward vs. ICU

Shravan Atluri MHA: Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine, Saint Alphonsus Medical Center; Ondrej Choutka MD: Saint Alphonsus Medical Center

Introduction
Current standard of care following resection of a posterior fossa tumor involves direct admission to the neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) from the operating room. Previous research reports on outcomes for supratentorial brain tumors, but little data is available for posterior fossa tumors specifically. This was especially pertinent during the COVID-19 pandemic as ICU space was often limited. This study reports the results of four years of direct admission to the neuroscience ward following recovery in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU).
Methods
A retrospective study of a single surgeon cohort of all posterior fossa tumor patients who underwent resections from 2018-2022 was performed, with a total of 54 patients being recorded.
Results
Mean Length of Stay (LOS) was found to be 1.61 days with only a single 30-day readmission being recorded during the time frame. Inflation adjusted cost savings for the patient totaled to be on average $9,772.12 assuming non-use of a ventilator. No transfers from the ward to the ICU were found. 30/54 (55.56%) of the patients were successfully discharged on post-operative day one (POD1) with seven being discharged same day. With no 30-day readmissions or post-operative complications amongst the POD1 or day zero cohort.
Conclusion
The results of this retrospective study demonstrate that omission of ICU care is certainly feasible following posterior fossa tumor resection, with our results reporting a significantly reduced mean LOS as well as significant cost-savings for the patient and hospital without a compromise in outcomes. This is especially pertinent as many of these cases occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic during crisis standards of care when ICU space was often at a premium. Future research still needs to be conducted on a larger cohort of patients but this is a promising first step.

Poster #6
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Closed Loop Neuromodulation: Literature Review of Current Clinical Applications and Future Outlook

Shravan Atluri MHA, ICOM; Eamon Kalafchi, ICOM; Sanim Choudhury, ICOM

Introduction
Traditional “open-loop” deep brain stimulation (DBS) involves direct electrical stimulation of brain tissue and is administered without consideration of underlying patient physiology, as it lacks a means to detect and respond to cortical electrophysiology. Newer “closed-loop” systems have risen to prominence in recent years due to their ability to adapt and deliver stimulation when certain physiological states are met, thus being tailored to the patient’s individual physiology. Additionally, we will discuss the extension of these closed-loop systems to spinal cord stimulators (SCS) This aim of this review is summarize the current clinical applications of closed-loop DBS as well as to offer a future outlook of what is to come.
Methods
The keywords “Deep Brain Stimulation” as well as “closed-loop DBS” were used for systematic searches within the databases of PubMed and Web of Science. With articles then being selected based on relevance to clinical applications of closed-loop DBS systems.
Results
36 clinical trials were located involving closed-loop systems with Parkinson’s Disease and other motor disorders (PD)(with adaptive DBS), Epilepsy (with Responsive DBS), and Chronic Pain (with SCS). In all three clinical conditions, closed-loop systems resulted in improved clinical outcomes with an improved motor scores (PD), decreased frequency of seizures (Epilepsy), and superior pain relief (Chronic Pain) vs. traditional open-loop systems. Notable new applications include the use of closed-loop systems in treatment-resistant depression as well as Tourette’s Syndrome (TS). In TS, the closed-loop DBS system resulted in a comparable outcome to traditional DBS.
Conclusion
Current clinical evidence has shown significant support for closed-loop systems for the use in PD, Epilepsy, and chronic pain. However, significant research still needs to conducted into its potential applications for psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Additionally, new studies have pointed to closed-loop systems as potentially being used for neurorestorative interventions following spinal cord injury.

Poster #7
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Thyroid Shielding: Fit vs. Dose

Natalie Mourant (Faculty Mentor), Carlie Purdom, Anna Doyle, Jana Atwood
Boise State University

The thyroid gland is a vital hormone gland that plays a major role in the metabolism, growth and development of the human body. The thyroid gland is among the most radiosensitive organs. The usage of thyroid shields by healthcare professionals is an essential precaution for radiation protection. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if thyroid shield fit affects radiation dose received to the thyroid gland. The fit was recorded by measuring from the jugular notch or location of thyroid, to the inside of the thyroid shield. Qualitative data was collected by interviewing staff technologists on whether or not they thought thyroid shield fit was important.

Poster #8
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Clinical bioelectrical signaling for emotional dysregulation

Dr. Gustavo Gonzalez-Cuevas, Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Idaho State University (Faculty Mentor); Timothy Buckles, Boise State University; Ana Anghel, Boise State University; Ranya Almandawi, Boise State University; Annie L Hoffman, Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine; Gustavo Gonzalez-Cuevas, Idaho State University

Mental health conditions have been aggravating for the last few decades. With no exception, the prevalence of mood disorders has dramatically been increasing. It is well known that emotional dysregulation is a key component to responding in a maladaptive manner to any adverse events that, ultimately, can lead to mental discomfort; however, a better understanding of the biological methodologies that can potentially be used to regain emotional self-control is still needed. Here we present an overview framework for outlining the clinical bioelectrical signals that underlie emotional dysregulation. Bioelectrical signals that contribute to emotional dysregulation can be represented in neurotechnologies such as the electrodermal activity (EDA), the electroencephalography (EEG; e.g., event related potentials (ERPs), and frontal asymmetry) and the electrocardiogram (EKG; i.e., heart rate variability). For example, both late positivity in ERPs and frontal asymmetry in EEG-related techniques are considered electrical biomarkers indicative of activation of higher functioning and, therefore, cognitive self-control of emotions. Furthermore, EDA parameters can be related to emotional arousal that can be subsequently self-adjusted. Finally, modulation of heart rate variability has been correlated with emotion regulation. In summary, the unique contribution of each of the isolated techniques has enriched our understanding of the construct of emotion dysregulation. However, the new integration of such techniques may offer a new promising opportunity to accelerate applied bioelectrical interventions for mental pandemic recovery.

Poster #9
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Mindfulness App Usage in Parents of a Child with Chronic Illness: A Pilot Feasibility Study

Cara Gallegos (Faculty Mentor), Natalie Cacchillo, School of Nursing; Cara Gallegos, School of Nursing

Purposes/Aim. The purpose of this pilot study is to provide preliminary data on the feasibility, and acceptability of mindfulness app use in parents of a child with medical complexity (CMC).

Background. Medical advances in the last half-century created a dramatic change in the prevalence of childhood-onset diseases. The estimated prevalence of children with medical complexity (CMC) ranges from 1% to 5% or approximately 680,000 children depending on the definition. These parents experience worse mental and physical health outcomes compared to parents of healthy children. It is well documented that these parents experience high levels of stress and depression. Over 60% of parents of a child with chronic illness experience depression compared to 10% in mothers of healthy newborns. Mobile applications (apps) for smartphones present an opportunity to overcome barriers associated with typical mindfulness meditation programs. Research evidence supports the feasibility, acceptability and usability of mindfulness apps in students and parents of children with chronic pain, however, to our knowledge, there is no research examining the use of a mindfulness app in parents of a CMC.

Methods. Parents were recruited through a local non-profit organization aimed at supporting parents of medically fragile children. Parents were emailed a link to more detailed information about the study, the consent, and baseline questionnaire. After completing the baseline questionnaire, parents were sent instructions on how to download the mindfulness app, Smiling Minds, and reminded to use it for at least 10 minutes for 4 times a week. Parents answered a weekly questionnaire that included eight feasibility and acceptability questions. The final questionnaire consisted of 9 feasibility and acceptability questions.

Findings. Twelve parents agreed to participate in the study and filled out the baseline questionnaire and eight parents completed the 4 week study. Overall, parents used the apps 3.4 days/week (SD = 1.4, mdn = 3) and the majority of parents used it for more than 10 minutes/week (n = 6). Parents found the mindfulness exercises either easy (n = 6) or very easy (n = 2) to complete and enjoyable (n = 4) or very enjoyable (n = 2), while two parents reported the exercises not very enjoyable. At the end of the 4 weeks, the net promoter score was 38.

Conclusions/Implications. Overall, the majority of parents were able to use the app consistently through the week. This pilot study provides preliminary information about the feasibility and acceptability of a mindfulness app in this population. Future research aimed at describing the health benefits of a mindfulness app are needed; however, this study provides the first step in describing whether a mindfulness app is useful in this population. This may provide pediatric nurses and providers with a simple intervention to suggest to parents who are struggling with stress and depression.

Poster #10
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Pancreatic β-cell Adjustment Following Bariatric Surgery in High-Risk Category Patients

Sanim A. Choudhury , Hiram A. Gandara, Eric W. Schwegman, Gregory E. Rybacki, Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine, Meridian, ID

Bariatric Surgery is inclusive of a multitude of weight loss procedures that have increased in popularity as an effective treatment for obesity and related comorbidities. Patients are assessed using standardized risk factors to determine eligibility. These risk factors, such as BMI, fasting glucose levels, and HbA1c, have been shown to be highly correlated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and T2DM. Bariatric Surgeries aim to modify the digestive tract, optimizing weight loss and metabolism in patients to reduce comorbidities. The vagal nerve reset implications from surgery include a variety of metabolic effects, including the reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin and the increase of overall pancreatic Beta-cell mass.

The keywords “Pancreatic Beta Cells,” “bariatric procedures,” and “bariatric long term effects” were used for systematic searches within the databases of PubMed and New England Journal of Medicine.

A comprehensive review has found several studies showing an increase in pancreatic beta cell masses. A study by Lindqvist et al. found that the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) increased pancreatic beta-cell mass in human and porcine patients 3 weeks post-operation. This study found that insulin levels and beta-cell mass increased while blood glucose levels were decreased.

The effects seen as a result of bariatric surgery go far beyond the reduction of overall caloric intake; the metabolic effects have demonstrated the ability of the procedure to effectively change the well-being of the patients. The increase in B-cell mass seen has groundbreaking implications in the fight against diabetes mellitus and other related metabolic syndromes.

Poster #33
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Weight stigma & communication skills: Experiential learning to reduce bias

Sarah Llewellyn PhD, RN, CNE, Boise State University; Kelley Connor PhD, RN faculty; Margaret Quatraro, student (graduated fall 2022); John Henry Dye, student 

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to determine if simulation was related to improved communication skills and/or reduced explicit bias towards patients with obesity.

Rationale: Studies found healthcare providers have bias towards patients with obesity, leading to poor health outcomes. A prior study with medical students and simulation was associated with decreased stereotyping and increased empathy towards patients with obesity. A new simulation was developed to expose undergraduate nursing students to providing care to patients with obesity.

Methods: Pre-post survey design was used with first-semester nursing students. The survey included the Fat Phobia Scale (FPS) and Beliefs About Obese Persons Scale (BAOP), both of which were developed for use in weight research and have a high level of reliability. Qualitative questions about perceptions were also included.

Pre-survey data collection occurred during student orientation. Students used the LEARN model of communication in didactic courses. At the end of the semester, students participated in the new simulation experience with the patient with obesity.

Results: Statistically significant differences were noted on multiple elements of the FPS and BAOP scales. Themes from the pre-survey qualitative questions were to treat people the same and educate the patient about weight loss. Post-survey themes included patient-centered care based on patient priorities, listening, and adapting care.

Implications for Practice: Simulation experiences and focused communication tools were related to changes in nursing student perceptions to working with patients with obesity. Similar simulations could be used in other schools of nursing, and more broadly across other healthcare disciplines.

Poster #11
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

St Luke’s (SLHS) Service-Learning Project Medical Waste Audit

Dr. Sarah Toevs, Dr. Jen Pierce (Faculty Mentors)

Healthcare is the 2nd leading industry in the United States when it comes to solid waste production, lagging only behind fast food. More than 4 Billion tons of waste are generated annually much of which is destined for landfill disposal. The production, disposal, and subsequent decomposition of this material accounts for 10% of carbon emissions and 9% of harmful non-greenhouse air pollutants the healthcare industry is responsible for annually in the US (Taylor, et. al.).
The first step in undertaking a solid waste reduction program is understanding what is in the waste stream along with who, where, and how it is being generated. St. Luke’s Hospital in Boise, Idaho has received an Essential Hospitals Kresge Grant to Develop a waste baseline and perform a clinical waste audit, the developed method to be shared with other community hospitals as a “best practice” approach to reducing waste nationwide.
All waste generated during a single shift from one of the largest generators of solid waste Operating Rooms will be audited. The waste will be collected, segregated and assessed sequentially with particular attention made to material composition no matter the classification such as reportable medical waste.
Number and weights of all items will be collected and summarized by material type: plastics, soft/hard, metals, fabric, paper, unused/mixed, glass.
An estimate of the environmental impact of the hospital’s waste stream will be made based on the types of materials, sources, volume, and method of disposal or reuse.

Poster #12
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Decreasing Breast Cancer Metastasis with Small Molecule Inhibitors: A Novel Therapeutic

Dr. Cheryl Jorcyk, Department of Biological Sciences (Faculty Mentor); Jesse Northrup, Jessica Desjardin, Andrea Feci, Sierra Haile, Cody Wolf, Roger Vuong, Ashley Tran, Alexia Caposio, Grace Coughlin, Joseph Tuccinardi, Dr. Matthew King, Dr. Lisa Warner, Dr. Don Warner, Dr. Cheryl L. Jorcyk; Boise State University: Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry

In 2023, it is estimated that 297,000 women in the United States will be diagnosed with breast cancer and 43,000 women will die, largely due to metastasis. Localized breast cancer has an exceptional survival rate of 99%, however, once metastasis occurs, the survival rate decreases significantly to 29%. Therefore, identifying a way to decrease the metastatic potential of breast cancer is essential to prolonging patient survival. Breast cancer cells produce certain proinflammatory proteins called cytokines. These proteins bind to their extracellular receptors and initiate intracellular cascades. The result of that cascade is believed to increase the metastatic potential of the tumor cell. To prevent initiation of these intracellular cascades, small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) can be employed to prevent the binding of the inflammatory cytokine to its cellular receptors. Using high virtual throughput screening, several compounds, named SMI-10, -26 and -27, were identified as a potential target against proinflammatory cytokines. Our research has developed analogs of these SMIs and tested them in vitro on human breast cancer cells. We also evaluated them for inhibition of proinflammatory signaling via ELISA and immunoblot analysis. In addition, one of the SMIs was evaluated for its ability to disrupt the binding of a proinflammatory cytokine to its cellular receptors by monitoring the real-time receptor-protein binding kinetics in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. Altogether, this research has identified several novel SMIs capable of inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines with the long-term goal of developing a targeted therapy for breast cancer patients.

Poster #13
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Test-Retest Reliability of Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy During Dual Task Balancing in Healthy Adolescents

Yong Gao, Professor, Kinesiology (Faculty Mentor)

Author List: Kelsey Downing1, Rachel S. Johnson1,2, Jiahao Pan1, Yong Gao1,2, Kurt Nilsson2, Shuqi Zhang1

Author Affiliation: 1. Boise State University, Boise, ID; 2. St. Luke’s Health System, Boise, ID

PURPOSE
Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is used to study brain activity in adolescents. Little research on the reliability of these methods in youth participants. The goal of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of the fNIRS device during dual task (DT) balancing in healthy adolescent participants.

METHODS
Five healthy adolescents performed two testing sessions 25.4 ± 3.4 days apart. Participants stood on a force plate on both feet, shoes on and eyes open while completing a cognitive task for 3 30s trials, while wearing a portable fNIRS device recording six brain regions on the left side of the head. During the DT trials, the participant subtracted 7 from a random number between 60-160 or spelled a random 5-letter word backward.

RESULTS
The brain region with the greatest test-retest reliability during DT testing sessions was the PMC, with an ICC of 0.65, SEM of 0.06 and MDC of 0.08, followed by DLPFC and SMA. DMPFC and VLPFC had the smallest ICCs with large SEMs of 0.62 and MDC of 0.88. M1 also had a small ICC (=0.10), large SEM (=0.42) and MDC (=0.59).

CONCLUSION
The use of fNIRS to measure PMC activity during DT balancing is reliable compared to the measurements among other brain regions. Considering the test and retest sessions were more than 3 weeks apart, and only three trials per session were completed, further reliability tests are needed for the fNIRS in this population.

Poster #14
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Community-based Breastfeeding Support Quality Improvement Study

Dena Duran, La Leche League Alliance for Breastfeeding Education (and BSU) Constance Pond, La Leche League Alliance for Breastfeeding Education, Dr. Cheryl Jorcyk, BMOL, (Boise State University)

Many moms in Idaho do not have the information and support needed to continue breastfeeding when challenges arise. The purpose of this study is to increase availability, accessibility, and use of breastfeeding support across the state of Idaho, enabling more mothers and babies to enjoy the long-term health, and neuro- physio- and social developmental benefits of breastfeeding. We plan to use the successful elements of the study nationally and internationally. We are using the PlanDoStudyAct model to develop digital and hardcopy materials, reach moms, health care providers, and communities, and improve the reach, knowledge of, and use of the community-based free mother-to-mother support model of La Leche League (LLL) while increasing overall understanding of the importance of breastfeeding. LLL leaders, trained in the basics of lactation and communication skills, provide peer breastfeeding support and refer to health care providers when appropriate. This increases self-efficacy while also addressing overall health. Breastfeeding support positively impacts immediate mental and physical health and overall lifetime health of mother and baby; studies show exclusivity and duration matter. We expect our study to increase knowledge and use of support and to raise breastfeeding rates. Short-term efficacy will be measured in a few ways: via an online survey voluntarily filled out by health care providers, attendance at LLL meetings, anecdotal stories, and mother and HCP feedback. We will re-administer the survey in approximately 12 months and compare prior results. Long-term, we will also use the National Immunization Survey which gathers breastfeeding rates and stratifies by state.

Though I am a MS in Biomolecular Sciences student, this project was inspired through my volunteer work and is being carried out through that organization, so my BSU PI is not associated with this project. I am undertaking this with a 501c3 charitable organization with over 65 years experience of serving moms in communities across the globe. As a co-designer and co-director of the study, I am one of the two PIs for this study.

Poster #16
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Collaboration with the Idaho Crisis and Suicide Hotline to Implement a Text Message-Based Caring Contacts Program for Suicide Prevention

Tara Fouts, St. Luke’s Health System; Anton Skeie, St. Luke’s Health System; Matthew Biss, Idaho Crisis and Suicide Hotline; Jenny Shaw, St. Luke’s Health System; Betsy McCue, St. Luke’s Health System; Cecelia Peña, St. Luke’s Health System; Jonathan Youell, St. Luke’s Health System; Jennifer Hartmann, Idaho Crisis and Suicide Hotline; Hannah Lemon, Idaho Crisis and Suicide Hotline; Danny Sandoval, Idaho Crisis and Suicide Hotline; Hilary Flint, St. Luke’s Health System; Anna Radin, St. Luke’s Health System

Suicide is a leading cause of death nationally, and Idaho’s suicide rate is 76% higher than the United States average. Caring Contacts (CC) is an evidence-based intervention to reduce suicidal thoughts and the only brief intervention shown to reduce suicide deaths. CC has promise for scale-up, including in rural and low-resource settings. However, implementation challenges persist, and staffing for two-way texting is often cited by health systems as a barrier to implementation. St. Luke’s Health System (St. Luke’s) overcame this challenge through an innovative partnership with the Idaho Crisis and Suicide Hotline (Hotline) to send two-way Caring Contacts text messages through the course of two randomized controlled trials: Suicide Prevention Among Recipients of Care (SPARC) (n=1,382) and Mental Health Among Patients, Providers, and Staff (MHAPPS) (n=666). Use of a shared HIPAA-compliant texting platform allowed both organizations to oversee and contribute to the intervention and assess participant safety. Key information such as suicide screening scores and safety plans from St. Luke’s were shared with the Hotline team through an application linked to the electronic health record system. Follow-up specialists at the Hotline have extensive training and expertise to respond to people in suicidal crisis, with a 24-hour staffing model that facilitates oversight of incoming texts. Every state has a suicide and crisis hotline, and this operational model could be feasibly replicated in other health systems. This collaboration made it possible to deliver an evidence-based suicide prevention intervention at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic without adding work to the healthcare system.

Poster #17
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Efficacy of Antimicrobial Impregnated Central Venous Catheters in Preventing Central Line Infections

Dr. Stock (Faculty Mentor), Janel Barta RN BSN, Kyle Faris RN BSN, Cassie Freestone RN BSN, and Sam Johnson, RN, BSN. AGNP Graduate Students.

Topic Overview
Patients are admitted into hospitals across the United States each day. Many need a central venous catheter (CVC) placed to aid in their healing process. A Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) can contribute to a longer hospital stay and increase their risk of mortality and cost to facilities. CLABSIs have been increasing in the U.S. at an overall 24% increase between the years of 2019 to 2020. It is estimated that CLABSIs cost an average of $48,107 per infected line.

PICOT Question
In adult patients in the critical care setting, how do antimicrobial impregnated central venous catheters compare to those non-impregnated central venous catheters impact the incidence of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections per 1000 central line days?

Highlights from the Literature Review
Showed benefit with antimicrobial impregnated catheters in prevention of catheter related bloodstream infections, and decreased the level of stay in facilities and mortality. Additionally, if facilities used an application of line infection bundles with the antimicrobial impregnated catheters it showed a decrease in CRBSIs per 1000 catheter-days and catheter colonization.

Practice implications
Preventing CLABSIs requires multiple strategies. Insertion strategies, including education and training, use of chlorhexidine for skin antisepsis, and use of maximal sterile barrier precautions have a long record of preventing CLABSI.

Significance to nursing
Reducing CLABSIs in hospitalized patients can have a significant impact on the cost of the hospital stay, morbidity, mortality and length of stay for the patient.

Identified gaps in knowledge
Lack of large-scale studies (both in number and environment) and a lack of studies where CVC choice is truly blinded. Dissent among what truly classifies or denotes a catheter related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). Also, there seems to be more systematic reviews and meta-analyses in number when compared to randomized controlled trials.

Future recommendations based on known evidence
Clinicians should use impregnated catheters in comparison to standard central venous catheters. A line bundle management should also be implemented along with Insertion strategies, including education and training, of those who insert catheters, use of chlorhexidine for skin antisepsis, and use of maximal sterile barrier precautions have a long record of preventing CLABSI.

Poster #18
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Why partner with organizational learning experts to conceptualize inclusive and equitable big data applications in healthcare?

Lisa A. Giacumo, Associate professor, Boise State University Summer Fellow, Office of Naval Research Lead Instructional Designer, Dignity Health Global Education

In April of 2022, the Equitable Data Working Group released a list of recommendations intended to support equity assessments of large-scale programs and policies. The purpose was to allow leaders to “identify and remove barriers to equitable access to government programs (p 2).” These recommendations carry implications for evaluators and scholars alike, who are working on issues of equity and inclusion in healthcare and public health. In this presentation I will share these recommendations, how they relate to improving organizational performance and learning with the use of big data. Together, we will begin to answer the question: What is big data and how can it be useful to achieve better organizational performance and improved health outcomes?

Poster #19
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Boise Applied Biomechanics of Infants (BABI) Lab

Dr. Erin Mannen, Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department (Faculty Mentor), Sarah Goldrod, Boise State University, Danielle Siegel, Boise State University, Abby Brittain, M.S., Boise State University, Holly Olvera, Boise State University, Wyatt Davis, M.S., Boise State University, Safeer Siddicky, Ph.D. , Boise State University and University of Texas

The Boise Applied Biomechanics of Infants (BABI) Lab studies how babies move and use their muscles, and what that means for musculoskeletal development and safety in commercial infant gear. For our research, we develop new and innovative testing methods using electromyography sensors (EMG), a motion capture system, and other mechanical testing equipment developed in-house. Our lab goal is to improve the health and wellness of babies through biomechanics. Our current studies are looking into the safety of infant products, infant rolling development, infant hip biomechanics, and the biomechanical affects infants have on caregivers. We are creative, resourceful, hard-working, and we are passionate about making a difference in our community. We ask questions, make a lot of mistakes, celebrate successes, and laugh often! The director of the BABI Lab, Dr. Erin Mannen, is an Assistant Professor in the Mechanical & Biomedical Engineering Department at Boise State. She leads a team of graduate students, medical students, undergraduate students, volunteers and a lab manager to conduct baby biomechanics research. Aside from our daily research work, we enjoy participating in outreach events such as SheTech to engage and inspire young people to learn more about biomechanics. We constantly have new and exciting opportunities for people to participate in our research studies. If you are interested in participating or learning more about our lab, visit our website BoiseState.edu/coen-babi or email us at BabiLab@BoiseState.edu to learn more!

Poster #20
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Novel Therapeutic Potential of Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) Modulation for Alcohol-related Behaviors in a Female Rat Model

Juan S. Bermudez, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; William G. Quevedo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Francisco A. Fariñas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Berta Escudero, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Leticia López, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Jamison Lee, Idaho State University; Gustavo Gonzalez-Cuevas, Idaho State University

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a serious public health issue, killing at least three million people (around 5% of all deaths) throughout the world each year. Importantly, women are more vulnerable to the long-term negative health effects of alcohol when compared to men. Potential pharmacological approaches with promise for future drug development in treating AUD are cannabinoid-related drug substances. Interestingly, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), an analog of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA) found in variable levels in men and women, is a potential and safer drug alternative to CB1 agonism, linked to a higher risk for drug addiction. This study set out to investigate the role of OEA in the modulation of alcohol-related behaviors in female Wistar rats. Specifically, the modulatory effects of OEA (10 mg/kg, IP) on alcohol reward (as measured in the Conditioned Place Preference), anxiety-like behavior (as measured in the p-maze), as well as aggressiveness (as measured in the Reflexive Fighting task) were tested in two groups of rats (with a history or no history of alcohol administration). Our preliminary data will be presented followed by a discussion on the therapeutic potential of OEA for treating AUD in women.

Poster #21
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Shared Decision-Making in End Stage Renal Disease Patients 

Dr. Jennifer Stock (Faculty Mentor), Nathalie Kocher, Boise State University Adult Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Student; Jennifer Martin, Boise State University Adult Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Student

Topic Overview
End-stage renal disease occurs when kidneys cease to function; no longer meeting the body’s need for survival unless the individual chooses dialysis or transplantation of new kidneys. The choice is daunting and requires quality of life conversations, individual goals, and how the disease will affect the individual. Shared decision-making aids a patient in making healthcare decisions through education, support, and resource referrals. The SDM model has been proven essential in making an informed decision that best meets the patient’s needs.

Highlights from the Literature Review
Shared decision-making draws attention to the vitality of collaboration, necessary in those diagnosed with ESRD. The providers enable the patient to make choices and adapt to life-changing treatments. Patient-centered communication with discussions of quality-of-life help improve care for adults and their families.

Significance to Nursing
Advanced practice registered nurse (APRNs) could facilitate a shared decision-making approach in the end-stage renal disease patient population. While the relationship between a nurse and patient has been studied by theorists like Hildegard Peplau and others, the APN finds themselves a notable position to provide patients with team referrals, relationship building, and education.

Gaps in knowledge
Gaps include inclusion an ethnically diverse patient population with a variety of age groups would provide a more robust understanding of barriers faced by dialysis patients with shared decision making. Additionally, research cited small sample size as a limitation.

Future recommendations
Recommendations included standardizing the delivery of shared decision-making, the inclusion of an ethnically diverse patient population, a greater variety of age groups, and procuring larger sample populations.

Poster #23
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Broadening Nursing Student’s Knowledge in Parkinson’s Disease

Stacey Hanrahan MSN, APRN, FNP-C Clinical Assistant Professor Boise State University School of Nursing

Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex condition affecting both motor function and a range of non-motor symptoms. It’s the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s and currently, there is no cure. The future of healthcare requires nurses and nursing students to be equipped with a comprehensive understanding of Parkinson’s, including both motor and non-motor symptoms, to provide adequate care for those affected by the disease.

Purpose. The purpose of this poster presentation is to describe The Edmond J Safra Visiting Nurse Faculty (VNF) program and describe the latest developments in Parkinson’s care from an interdisciplinary approach.

Method. The Edmond J. Safra VNF selects nursing faculty once a year from all over the United States and aims to bridge the current best practices in caring for Parkinson’s patients and the classroom. The Struthers Parkinson’s Center in Golden Valley, MN partnered with the Edmond J Safra VNF program this past November to facilitate nursing educators who teach in a nursing-accredited program to help prepare the next generation of of nurses to care for the growing population of patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Results. This program offered opportunities for attendees to network with a multidisciplinary team and build valuable connections with healthcare professionals dedicated to improving the lives of those affected by Parkinson’s. Four educators attended the program at Struthers Center in November 2022. Topics of discussion included the latest advancements in Parkinson’s research, the importance of a holistic approach to care, and strategies for incorporating education on both motor and non-motor symptoms into nursing curricula.

Discussion. When educators have this knowledge they can bring together healthcare professionals to discuss the importance of educating the next generation of nurses on the full spectrum of Parkinson’s. Addressing the more common non-motor symptoms that Parkinson’s patients suffer from instead of just focusing on the motor symptoms. Exploring multidisciplinary approach with speech therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy, social work, and Neurologist which specializes in Motor Movement disorders. Often times it’s the nurse that is in a leadership position overseeing the team and functions as the patient’s liaison and advocate.

Poster #24
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Ketamine Therapy for Treatment Resistant Depression

Jennifer Stock (Faculty Mentor), Ashley Baugh (RN, BSN) Brock Hall, Jaired Hudson & Eileen Youngblood

Background: Treatment resistant depression (TRD) is a subclass of major depression not responsive to a trial of at least two antidepressant pharmacotherapies- leaving patients continuing to suffer with depressive symptoms and potentially suicidality. Ketamine therapy is now used to treat these symptoms. In adults with TRD, how effective is ketamine compared to conventional pharmacotherapy in alleviating depressive symptoms and suicidality?

Methods: This literature review examined multiple routes of administering ketamine, with controls being a placebo, midazolam, or normal saline.

Results: Regardless of route, all studies concluded ketamine significantly reduced depressive symptoms in less than 24 hours when compared to any control, outperforming conventional pharmacotherapies in onset of action.

Conclusion: Ketamine therapy for TRD could decrease the workload for providers and nurses as well as more rapidly decrease depressive symptoms for patients undergoing treatment. Although future studies should include longer follow up, the results reviewed show that ketamine shows profound and rapid improvements for TRD. Practice Implications Treatment of TRD with Ketamine is feasible with rapid onset and long action. Ketamine also shows promise in a range of psychiatric disorder treatments. Proper training, practice, and safety barriers must be in place for provider and patient use. Significance to Nursing Ketamine therapy will become more common in treatment of a wide variety of psychiatric diagnoses. Nurses should familiarize themselves with treatment practices, guidelines, side effects, and potential outcomes to provide best practice for patients.

Keywords: ketamine, treatment resistant depression, suicidality.

Poster #25
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Quadriceps Steadiness for Individuals with Knee Musculoskeletal Injury and Disease

Tyler Brown (Faculty Mentor), Nicholas L. Hunt, Department of Biomedical Engineering; Matthew Robinett, Department of Kinesiology; Tyler N. Brown, Department of Kinesiology

Knee joint buckling, shifting, or giving way during weight-bearing activity may characterize joint stability, and along with quadriceps weakness, is a pathogenic factor in joint musculoskeletal injury and disease. Steady contraction from the knee joint stabilizers, such as the quadriceps, may prevent joint instability, yet it remains relatively unknown if this differs for knees with injury and disease. This study sought to compare steadiness of quadriceps contraction for individuals with knee musculoskeletal injury (ACL-R) and disease (knee OA), and healthy controls. Forty participants (7 ACL-R, 7 knee OA, and 26 controls) had quadriceps steadiness quantified during a maximal 5 second isometric voluntary knee extensor contraction. Quadriceps maximal voluntary torque (MVT) and steadiness expressed as the coefficient of variance (CV) and peak power frequency (PPF) was submitted to a one-way ANOVA. Cohort impacted quadriceps MVT (p=0.005) and PPF (p=0.0384), but not CV (p>0.05). The ACL-R cohort exhibited significantly greater MVT (3.06 Nm/kg vs 1.49 Nm/kg) and PPF (0.56 Hz vs 0.14 Hz, respectively) compared to the OA cohort (p=0.004; p=0.035), but not control (p>0.05). No difference in MVT and PPF was observed between the control and OA cohorts (p>0.05). Individuals with knee musculoskeletal injury exhibited greater quadriceps strength, but lower muscle steadiness than individuals with document knee musculoskeletal disease. Considering 90% of individuals with a knee musculoskeletal injury are reported to develop disease at the joint, strong, less steady contractions may contribute to progressive joint degeneration and knee OA development.

Poster #26
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Hemoglobin Levels in Prefrontal and Premotor Cortexes During the Tandem Gait Test in Healthy Adolescents

Rachel S. Johnson1,2, Jiahao Pan1, Kelsey Downing1, Kurt Nilsson2, Yong Gao1, Shuqi Zhang1, 1Boise State University, Boise, ID; 2St. Luke’s Health System, Boise, ID.

PURPOSE: The timed tandem gait test (TTG) is gaining popularity in concussion assessment. Speed decreases in healthy and concussed participants when a concurrent cognitive task is added, however, little is known about the physiological response in the brain to the TTG in healthy adolescents. Therefore, the purpose was to explore mean hemoglobin (HbO2) levels in the prefrontal and premotor cortex using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in healthy adolescents during the TTG under a dual task paradigm.

METHODS: Five healthy adolescents (age:14.20±2.82, sex:60% male, race:80% white, height:1.60±0.14m, mass:46.06±15.60kg) were recruited. Activity of the left prefrontal cortex (dorsal lateral, dorsal medial, and ventral lateral regions) and premotor cortex (primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, and motor cortex regions) were monitored using fNIRS. Participants performed the TTG on a 3-meter line for time in single task (ST) and dual task (DT) conditions, with a total of six trials (3 ST, 3 DT) in a randomly assigned order. HbO2 levels were compared between ST and DT using a 2 (condition)x6 (brain region) Repeated Measures ANOVA. Time to complete the TTG was compared between ST and DT using a paired samples t-test.

RESULTS: No significant interaction or main effects were seen for HbO2 (p≥0.142). It took significantly longer (p=0.03) to complete the TTG under DT conditions (14.02±1.46s) than ST conditions (12.47±1.55s).

CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in HbO2 between ST and DT conditions for the TTG in healthy adolescents, but there was a significant difference in time to completion, with DT taking longer.

Poster #27
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

PHARM-BLT increasing Pharmacists’ in Healthcare Access to Resources through Medical Billing Learning/Teaching Forum: Bringing in the Bacon

Associate Professor Renee Robinson, PharmD, MPH, MSPharm, MBA (Faculty Mentor); Madison Kalke, PharmD Candidate 2024 (Idaho State University- College of Pharmacy); Thomas Wadsworth, PharmD (Idaho State University- College of Pharmacy); Elaine Nguyen, PharmD, MPH (Idaho State University- College of Pharmacy); Amy Paul- PharmD (Idaho State University- College of Pharmacy); Brandy Seignemartin- PharmD (Idaho State University- College of Pharmacy); Renee Robinson- PharmD, MPH, MSPharm, MBA (Idaho State University- College of Pharmacy)

Background: Pharmacists provide a number of health-services not directly linked to the dispensing of medications; however, reimbursement for these clinical services has been limited by a number of factors including technology to submit claims, and necessary billing knowledge.

Purpose: To develop, test, and implement a billing and coding training program to support sustainable delivery of health services not directly linked to the dispensing of medications.

Method: To address this unmet educational need of pharmacists, we created an online, case-based learning forum modeled utilizing the ECHO model, a peer-supported, virtual learning framework. Bimonthly synchronous training sessions included a didactic component, attendee-led application (coding and billing cases), and expert-led question support. All sessions were recorded, and an online learning platform was created to serve as a repository for pharmacist training and program resources for pharmacy staff to utilize to submit insurance claims.

This project was deemed exempt by IRB as non-research.

Poster #28
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

CONSTRUCT- Creating an Online Network Site and Teaching Repository Utilizing Case-based Trainings: Utilizing Backwards Design and the ECHO Model

Associate Professor Renee Robinson, PharmD, MPH, MSPharm, MBA (Faculty Mentor); Madison Kalke, PharmD Candidate 2024 (Idaho State University- College of Pharmacy); Thomas Wadsworth- PharmD (Idaho State University- College of Pharmacy); Renee Robinson- PharmD, MPH, MSPharm, MBA (Idaho State University- College of Pharmacy)

Purpose: Pharmacists remain the most accessible healthcare providers, continually evolving to meet the ever-changing health needs within their communities(1). In Idaho and Alaska, pharmacists provide select healthcare and prevention-related services not related to dispensing medication. However, pharmacists are often not compensated for these services because they lack the necessary training and technology to support billing of the medical benefit.

To support appropriate billing of the medical benefit, the SETMuPP Project team (Sustainable Education & Training Model under Pharmacist Provider Reimbursement) created an online learning platform (PharMBL) to increase pharmacist understanding of the coding and billing process.

Methods: The software used for this project was Wix.com, a subscription-based website builder. Wix provides measurable analytics support for co-creation and technology troubleshooting. Within this software, participant contact lists can be embedded and used to develop automated sequences to provide additional content and context to training resources posted.

PharMBL, developed using backwards design, was created to support learning and participant interaction and serve as a repository for pharmacists to access while submitting their claims for payment. The website layout, inspired by the ECHO training model, employs didactic lectures, case presentations, and Q&A.

The learning methodologies applied (backwards design and ECHO Model) were chosen to support independent billing of the medical benefit. Backward design is the process of designing a lesson, unit, or course by first determining what the final outcomes are and then planning assessment strategies, and finally determining methods of instruction and assignments. Inspired by how healthcare providers learn during clinical rotations and residencies, the ECHO Model® has evolved into an interdisciplinary, interactive, virtual learning framework. During the ECHO session, a small didactic training component is presented by a panel of specialists; participants present real (anonymized) cases to the specialists—and each other—for discussion, and recommendations are provided and discussed. Participants learn from one another, expanding best practices and reducing disparities, a true multiplier effect.

Results
Analytics available through Wix are used to monitor traffic over time, page visits, and navigation flow. Traffic over time reports show distinct peaks before and after each training session, and page visit reports show that following the homepage, the most viewed pages are session topics and resources. This data, combined with navigation flow reports, shows a trend of users first navigating to the site for session topics and sign-up with a return visit afterward to navigate resources and submit cases.

In addition to Wix analytics, the SETMuPP Youtube channel, where videos are uploaded for site members to view post-session, shows a record of multiple views on most videos.

Conclusion
We anticipate that the evidence-based online training forum will increase the number of claims submitted by the attendees for non-dispensing pharmacy services provided and foster sustainable clinical practice.

Poster #29
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Radial Discharge Cold Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Device for Inactivation of Foodborne Pathogens

Ken Cornell, Chemistry and Biochemistry (Faculty Mentor); Taylor Koch – Boise State Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vertically Integrated Projects; Konnor Sjullie – Boise State Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vertically Integrated Projects; Ken Cornell – Boise State Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vertically Integrated Projects; Jim Browning – Boise State Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vertically Integrated Projects

Bacteria forming as biofilms on surfaces are a major source of foodborne illness or disease transmission. These bacteria are often inherently drug-resistant, so new treatments are needed to prevent the diseases that arise from them. It is estimated that 48 million cases of foodborne illnesses are present each year, with about 3,000 deaths. Experiments are being conducted with cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) devices to kill bacterial biofilms found in food processing environments. We have a three-element radial discharge array currently being tested on PVC pipes. Our results demonstrate rapid inactivation of bacterial pathogens with short exposures to various plasma devices. These results indicate that plasma devices may be a feasible alternative to chemical disinfectant treatments used in food processing to reduce foodborne illness. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of using CAP for killing and removing biofilm on food processing pipes and further determination of parameters to ensure safety.

Poster #30
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

MALDI-IMS Detection of Vigabatrin Accumulation in Murine Eye and Brain Tissue

Dr. Ken Cornell, Chemistry and Biochemistry (Faculty Mentor); Caleb Leach, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department at Boise State University,; J-B Roullet, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at Washington State University; KM Gibson, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at Washington State University; Xinzhu Pu, Biomolecular Research Center at Boise State University; Kenneth A. Cornell, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department at Boise State University

Vigabatrin (4-amino-5-hexenoic acid, VGB) is an anticonvulsant drug used to treat infantile spasms and refractory complex partial seizures. VGB is a structural analog of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that irreversibly binds to GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) causing elevated GABA levels in the brain. However, prolonged VGB use is associated with peripheral visual field defects and neurotoxicity. In this study, we examined the accumulation of VGB and other neurotransmitters and metabolites in murine brain and eye tissue using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). Mice were placed into two treatment groups: 80 mg/kg/day VGB and a PBS-treated control group. Brain and eye tissue blocks were embedded in LMP agarose and sectioned. VGB and other metabolites were visualized in tissue sections treated with either 1,2-diaminonapthalene or sinapinic acid matrices. The results showed an accumulation of VGB in the retina of the eye and in the brain cortex, and suggest that elevated VGB in specific tissues may be responsible for the pathology associated with long-term VGB treatment.

Poster #31
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Zebrafish as a New Translational Animal Model for PTSD

Dr. Gonzalez-Cuevas, Clinical Psychopharmacology, Idaho State University (Faculty Mentor); Lee, J., Idaho State University; Butt, M., Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine; Bermudez, J.S., Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Atluri, S., Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine; Sakib, M.A., Idaho State University; Buckles, T., Boise State University; Almandawi, R., Boise State University; Gonzalez-Cuevas, G., Idaho State University

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and debilitating mental illness caused by exposure to traumatic life events. Unfortunately, current pharmacotherapeutics lack effectiveness and progress in drug development partly due to the poor translatability of PTSD animal models. Zebrafish, sharing profoundly similar brain morphology to humans and exhibiting complex social behaviors, hold the potential for optimally modeling human PTSD. Other advantages of zebrafish include being easily genetically manipulated, rapidly developed, readily reproduced, as well as cost-efficiently maintained compared to other animal models such as rodents. Interestingly, even though the stress response between humans and zebrafish is strikingly similar, there is currently no well-established paradigm for PTSD with zebrafish. This work aims at providing supporting preliminary data for the translatable and clinical advantages of using zebrafish as a new animal model for PTSD.

Poster #32
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Alternative Clavicle Projections to Reduce Breast Tissue Exposure

Delaney Lester, Natalie Mourant Hodges (Faculty Mentor), Stephanie Loop, Amber Perkins, and Brenda Trejo

The objective of this study was to determine if an alternate posteroanterior (PA) position for the routine clavicle series can reduce unnecessary radiation exposure to breast tissue. The basis of this research is to change the paradigm of routine clavicle projections to ultimately reduce the dose administered to radiosensitive tissues.

Poster #34
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Navigating the school system: Parents’ experiences with teenagers’ returning to learn from a sports-related concussion

Shelley Lucas, Department of Kinesiology, Boise State University; Nicole Bolter, Department of Kinesiology, San Francisco State University; Laura Jones Petranek, Department of Kinesiology, Boise State University; Kurt Nilsson, St. Luke’s Sports Medicine Concussion Clinic; Kristi Pardue, St. Luke’s Sports Medicine Concussion Clinic; Hilary Flint, Applied Research Division, St. Luke’s Health System

An estimated 2.3 million sport-related concussions occur each year among children and adolescents, with the majority recovering within 1 – 4 weeks of their injury. For the 30% of athletes who still experience symptoms after four weeks, their recovery process is longer and more complicated. There are two key milestones in the recovery process from any SRC: one involves identifying when it is safe for adolescents to resume participating in their sport (e.g., return-to-play, RTP), while the other involves identifying when adolescents can resume full participation in school (e.g., return-to-learn, RTL). All 50 states have legislation regarding RTP protocols, while only 8 have laws that dictate RTL protocols (Howland et al. 2021). As Howland, et al. (2021) note, “without legislation, schools vary in the consistency, scope, and quality of RTL procedures” (p. 2). We will showcase findings from a qualitative research study that captured parents’ experiences related to supporting their concussed teen (with persistent post-concussive symptoms) as they attempted to return to school during their recovery. Our findings show that parents had varied experiences with the school response, struggled to create academic accommodations, faced challenges implementing those accommodations and sought outside assistance from health care providers. Parents described stressed out teens and shared their own concerns about their teens’ academic performance. These findings illustrate the complexities of supporting adolescents with prolonged concussion symptoms returning to school. This presentation will provide parents and school personnel with strategies to better support students with persistent post-concussive symptoms.

Poster #35
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Idaho’s Healthy Active Lifestyles Project: Movement in the Park

Erik Luvaas, PhD, Interdisciplinary Training Director, CDHD (presenter only); Olivia Lebens, MPA, CDHD Interdisciplinary Training Coordinator; Madeline; Coleman, Interdisciplinary Trainee; Kellie Matern, Interdisciplinary Trainee; Victoria Rae, Interdisciplinary Trainee; Dr. Julie Fodor, contributing author

It is not uncommon for adults with disabilities to experience chronic health conditions and mental health concerns because of limited physical activity of sedentary lifestyles (Graham et al., 2008). People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (I/DD) are more susceptible to both physical and mental distress due to a lack of opportunities in their communities (Fox et al., 2014). The Healthy Active Lifestyle Project through the Center on Disabilities and Human Development (CDHD) at the University of Idaho is using the expertise of faculty in Movement Sciences as well as Nutrition Sciences to increase the health and well-being of adults with disabilities living in the community. Movement in the Park is one program within the project that strives to develop community-based accessible and integrated movement opportunities for adults with I/DD and the broader community. Led by student trainees in the CDHD’s Interdisciplinary Training Program, participants engage in low-impact adaptive group fitness classes three to five times a week to target the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommend 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week. Both qualitative and quantitative research on the impact of this program on community dwelling adults with disabilities are ongoing and will be shared.

Poster #36
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Reduction of Dose in Scoliosis Exams: Single Versus Stitched Exposures

Adrian, Maresca, Tanith Moyer, Toshia Harke, Meghan Boisvert

The purpose of this study is to investigate if there is a significant difference in patient dose for scoliosis exams utilizing a single, full-body cassette with one exposure versus modern practice of three separate exposures digitally stitched together. To evaluate dose, three dosimeters were placed at radiosensitive tissue levels of the thyroid, breast, and gonadal regions simulated by an adult phantom. The average total body dose had no significant difference between an exposure on a single cassette and three exposures digitally stitched together. However, dose averages had significant differences at individual radiosensitive tissue levels and positioning. Between the anteroposterior (AP) projections of the single exposure and the three-exposure stitched image, the AP single exposure averaged a 45.1% reduction in breast tissue dose while the AP three exposures averaged a 98.9% reduction in thyroid tissue dose. The posteroanterior (PA) single exposure reduced overall body dose by 99.7% compared to its AP counterpart, however, data for a PA three-exposure stitched image was not obtained due to time limitations.

Poster #37
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Integrating REDCap and a Web-based Texting Platform to Identify Potential Clinical Trial Participants and Deliver a Caring Contacts Intervention during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Elizabeth McCue (a), Martina Fruhbauerova (b), Jenny Shaw (a), Zihan Zheng, MS, Tara Fouts (a), Anton Skeie (a), Cecelia Pena (a), Jonathan Youell (a), Hilary Flint (a), Anna Radin (a)

a. St. Luke’s Research, St. Luke’s Health System, Boise, Idaho
b. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

The Covid-19 pandemic had a profound effect on the implementation of clinical trials worldwide. Identifying new ways to conduct research virtually was necessary, as traditional in-person recruitment methods were not feasible with social distancing measures implemented early in the pandemic. In this poster we describe our experience conducting the Mental Health Among Patients, Providers, and Staff (MHAPPS) Study virtually. This consisted of integrating two online platforms — REDCap and Mosio – to identify eligible potential clinical trial participants, conduct informed consent and study enrollment, and deliver an evidence-based caring contacts intervention via text message. 21,519 patients, providers, and staff in the St. Luke’s Health System were invited to take a survey hosted through REDCap from January 2021 through July 2021. Participants completed a survey which assessed loneliness, suicidal ideation, stress, depression, and anxiety. Formulas were built into REDCap to score each mental health measure and identify participants with moderate to high levels of one or more measures of mental distress who were eligible for the clinical trial. Of the 21,519 total invited, 3,649 consented and completed the initial survey. 997 survey respondents met the eligibility criteria to participate in the clinical trial and were sent an invitation to participate via the Mosio text-messaging platform. 666 participants enrolled in the clinical trial and received the caring contacts intervention, with 655 of those participants retained through the end of the trial. Integrating text-based platforms with REDCap was a successful strategy for identifying, recruiting, and retaining participants for a clinical trial conducted virtually.

Poster #8
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Barriers & Facilitators to Translating Public Health Research into Local Public Health Practice

Mac McCullough, Rachel Kessinger (Boise State University)

Local public health departments such as the 7 health districts in Idaho are a critical locus of public health activity. Public health in general, and local public health in particular, have been increasingly underfunded and understaffed. This means that translating public health research into the practice settings where it can have the biggest impacts can be especially challenging. A small but vibrant body of research outlines some of the reasons for and solutions to these translation and dissemination challenges. For example, according to findings from one survey of scientists, 99% reported using academic journal as a key dissemination method yet only 28% rated dissemination efforts as excellent or good (Tabak et al. 2014). A key disconnect is a disconnect between the source (researchers) and the audience (public health practitioners, policy makers, community leaders, and individuals).

This presentation will summarize findings from a literature scan of barriers and facilitators to translating public health research into local public health practice. Specific focus will be given to overarching structures and system-level approaches to enhance translation of findings into practice, including the use of the academic health department model, leveraging alternative or supplementary dissemination channels, and incorporating dissemination/translation activities into academic practices.

Poster #39
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Impact of Feedstock Gas Mix Composition on Production of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species by Cold Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas

Dr. Ken Cornell (Faculty Mentor); Dalton Miller, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Accelerated Master’s of Science in Chemistry, Vertically Integrated Projects Program; Sarah Knowlton, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vertically Integrated Projects Program, Southwestern Idaho Bridges to Baccalaureate; Stephanie Rood, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Sevio Stanton, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vertically Integrated Projects Program, Southwestern Idaho Bridges to Baccalaureate; Tabarak Alomar, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vertically Integrated Projects Program; Zahraa Alomar, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vertically Integrated Projects Program; Dr. Jim Browning, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vertically Integrated Projects Program; Dr. Ken Cornell, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Research Center, Vertically Integrated Projects Program

Cold Atmospheric-pressure Plasma (CAP) devices create ionized gas mixtures that have many promising biomedical applications in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. CAP may be useful in killing infectious microbes (bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc) found in biofilms in chronic wounds or contaminating medical and industrial surfaces. CAP devices exert their antimicrobial effects largely through the creation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that in turn create oxidative adducts in critical biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. In this study, we quantified the production of seven RONS (ozone, hydroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite, nitric oxide, superoxide, singlet oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide) created by an 8-channel CAP array discharge when using a variety of different feedstock gases. Importantly, we demonstrate that simple compressed air CAPs can produce significant and useful amounts of RONS. Our findings provide insight into some of the chemical mechanisms through which CAP kill bacteria, and how the manipulation of the CAP feedstock gas can control the types and quantities of RONS that are produced.

Poster #40
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Nursing Perceptions About Delirium Practice

Lucy Zhao, PhD, MPAff, RN, Nursing (Faculty Mentor)

Purposes
The purpose of this literature review is to examine nursing perceptions on delirium assessment and management with a focus amongst post-operative adult patients from various units.

Background
Delirium is a preventable neuropsychiatric syndrome that is prevalent in as many as 80% of patients in the ICU and up to 60% of patients in postanesthesia care units. Delirium progression and duration diminishes quality of life from multifactorial impairments. As nurses are crucial in delirium assessment and management, identifying nursing perception may identify gaps in care of the condition.

Methods
The Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Medline, APA Psycarticles, Psychological and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and APA PsycINFO were searched from May 2022 to October 2022 using the keywords delirium, nursing perceptions, postoperative. We reviewed the titles and abstracts for relevance and evaluated the full text of 33 articles. Eleven articles were included in the final review.

Results
Nurses describe delirium as a significant issue within the hospital, although evaluation and treatment isn’t a high priority. Delirium is seen as a burden since treatment is emotionally challenging, time constraining, and unpredictable. Barriers include time constraints for regulated delirium screening methods and a lack of availability for nurse presence due to the fluctuating nature of the condition. Nurses lack delirium training and aren’t using protocols, nor following structured assessments regularly.

Implications
Education to improve nursing perceptions about delirium is needed. Management teams need to provide support and additional education for delirium prevention and management for when the condition arises.

Poster #41
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

A High Throughput Method of Streptolysin O Antibody-Epitope Mapping by Random Mutagenesis

Dr Sarah. E . Hobdey (Faculty Mentor) Nmaju Anyauba A – Idaho State University and VA Medical Center, Boise, ID; Price Emily – VA Medical Center, Boise, ID and Idaho Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Boise, ID.; Hobdey Sarah E – VA Medical Center, Boise, ID, Idaho Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Boise, ID, Idaho State University and Boise State University

Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are deadly bacterial infections for which amputation is the only life-saving treatment. Streptolysin O (SLO), a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, is a Group A Streptococcus (GAS) toxin that is crucial to the pathogenesis of GAS-NSTIs and, as such, is a promising therapeutic target for this disease state. Previously, we developed three fully-human, anti-SLO monoclonal antibodies (huMAbs), that have high, and equivalent, SLO -affinity, -specificity, and -neutralization. However, only one huMAb is protective in a murine model of GAS-NSTI, indicating that these huMAbs bind unique epitopes and that the mechanism of SLO inhibition may modulate the therapeutic efficacy. Here we aim to develop a novel method to rapidly identify immunoreactive epitopes. Using site-directed random mutagenesis, we generated a recombinant SLO mutant protein library that can be screened for altered antibody binding by ELISA. Mutants that eliminate binding will be tested for SLO activity in hemolytic assays, sequenced and visualized on the protein structure. Specialized Computational software will be employed to help collate sequences, optimize screening data and predict epitopes. Overall, this work will improve antibody-epitope screening methods, increase our understanding of the mechanism of SLO inhibition and enable bioengineering efforts to optimize the therapeutic potential of these huMAbs.
Ultimately, our understanding of how these huMAbs inhibit SLO pore formation and their pharmacokinetics characteristics, will elucidate the clinical potential of these huMAbs as therapeutic options in the management of NSTIs.

Poster #43
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Rolling at home? New method of identifying infant rolling movements through video

Dr. Erin Mannen, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering (Faculty Mentor); Danielle Siegel, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University; Erin Mannen Ph.D., Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University

Rolling from a supine to prone position marks an important developmental milestone for infants. While previous studies have recorded infant rolling patterns, these are conducted in complex laboratory settings with limitations. Research laboratories are an unfamiliar environment for infants which may not simulate how infants roll at home. Identifying these rolling patterns also requires expensive motion capture equipment which is not readily available for all researchers or clinicians. Accurately classifying infant rolling patterns throughout development is crucial in the early diagnosis of possible developmental delays or disorders. Therefore, using video techniques could be a promising approach to study infant rolling movements throughout development that is readily available for both researchers and clinicians. In this study, we aim to present a methodology that allows researchers to accurately and consistently categorize infant rolling patterns via at-home video analysis. The methodology consists of three steps: 1) identifying roll direction, 2) identifying stationary and moving limbs, and 3) determining synchronicity of moving limbs. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of each coordinated movement were presented to aid the viewer in categorizing videos into six different movement types. Three reviewers were tasked with categorizing 45 videos of infants achieving a roll using the methodology. Fleiss’ Kappa statistical analysis was used to evaluate inter- and intra-rater reliability. The overall inter-rater reliability score was 0.694 and the overall intra-rater reliability score was 0.801, both classifying as substantial agreement. These results suggest that this methodology can produce consistent results when evaluating infant roll patterns through video.

Poster #44
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Developing a radioimmunotherapy for Synovial sarcoma

Dr. Jared Barrott, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Idaho State University (Faculty Mentor), Jeffrey Okojie, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Sarah McCollum, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

Purpose: Synovial sarcoma is a rare cancer that occurs in the soft tissue adjacent to bones in adolescents and young adults. This cancer is poorly understood due to limited studies on the disease, resulting in poor prognosis, especially when metastasis has occurred. The current treatment options for this cancer are surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.
In this work, we sought to develop a new noninvasive radioimmunotherapy for the treatment, diagnosis (theranostic), and monitoring of synovial sarcoma with limited side effects by targeting Oncostatin M Receptor (OSMR).
Oncostatin M Receptor (OSMR), is a receptor that when activated by its ligand Oncostatin M(OSM), has been shown to be involved in cancer proliferation and migration and to be highly expressed in various cancers including synovial sarcoma. We hypothesized that by targeting OSMR we will be able to develop a noninvasive radioimmunotherapy for synovial sarcoma.

Method: In this work, we conjugated an anti-OSMR antibody with a fluorophore to determine the possibility of using an anti-OSMR radioimmunoconjugate as a therapeutic option for this cancer. We then conjugated the anti-OSMR in two methods, stochastically and site-specifically, in order to determine the best method of conjugation.

Result: An anti-OSMR conjugated to a fluorophore (AFC) was able to bind to OSMR-expressing cell lines. The AFC also targeted OSMR-expressing tumors in a synovial sarcoma mouse model.

Conclusion: An anti-OSMR conjugate can be used in developing radioimmunotherapy for synovial sarcoma and by exploring the two methods of conjugation, we will be able to develop a novel radioimmunoconjugate for synovial sarcoma.

Poster #45
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Brain activity and gait parameters during dual-task walking in adolescents and children: A pilot study

Dr. Shuqi Zhang, Kinesiology, Boise State University (Faculty Mentor); Jiahao Pan, Boise State University; Rachel Johnson, Boise State University; Kelsey Downing, Boise State University

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the effects of brain activity and gait parameters during dual-task walking in adolescents and children. METHODS: We recruited five adolescents and children (1 female, age: 15.36 ± 2.08 years). Each participant performed three walking tasks: (1) walking at a self-selected speed (single-task); (2) walking while subtracting 7 from a random 3-digit number (dual-task subtracting); and (3) walking while spelling the five-letter words backward (dual-task spelling) in a random order. The kinematic data in the lower extremity was measured by the Vicon motion capture system. The fNIRS measured the brain activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and primary motor cortex. The gait parameters including step length, step time, swing time, and HbO2 level in each region of interest were calculated. One-way ANOVA was used to examine the task effect (α = .05). RESULTS: Analysis only observed a significant difference in step time among different conditions (F 2,12 = 4.590, p = .033). Post hoc indicated that dual-task subtracting presented a longer step time than single-task (0.52 ± 0.030 vs. 0.56 ± 0.022 s) (p = .030). However, there was no significant difference in HbO2 level in the region of interest among different conditions (p > .05). CONCLUSION: Longer step time in the dual-task subtracting than in the single-task suggested that adolescents and children presented lower performance when the task required additional executive cognition resources. However, the additional brain resources were not recruited to meet the decline in performance in adolescents and children.

Poster #46
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Development of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Array for Treatment of Chronic Wounds Using a Porcine Skin Model

Dr. Ken Cornell, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (Faculty Mentor), Keaton Poe, BSU; Christian Rainey, BSU; Asher Chivvis, BSU; Dalton Miller, BSU; Jim Browning, BSU; Ken Cornell, BSU

Chronic wounds — the result of healing that has become arrested in the inflammatory stage — afflict over 8.2 million people annually in the United States and are responsible for billions in Medicare spending. Because these wounds remain exposed for prolonged periods of time, they readily become infected by microbes which form inflammatory biofilms that further exacerbate the healing process. To decrease wound bioburden and improve healing outcomes, cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAP) have been utilized in the treatment of chronic wounds. Here we report the development of a CAP array consisting of 8 parallel discharges, and we demonstrate its effectiveness in killing pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (BAA-44) in biofilms grown in an ex vivo porcine skin wound model. A 99% reduction in viable Staphylococcus cells was achieved with a single 10-minute treatment using an argon plasma discharge. The same extent of inactivation was obtained following recurring treatments over the course of 24 hours for a matured Staphylococcus biofilm. These results are evidence for the potential of CAP discharge treatments to provide a practical and less painful therapy for chronic wounds.

Poster #47
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Association between inflammatory cytokines and breast cancer

Maria Pou, graduate student. Defender, researcher; Cody Wolf, graduate student. Help and support; Laura Bond, biostatistician. Statistical analysis; Cheryl Jorcyk, Principal Investigator (Faculty Mentor)

Breast cancer is currently the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the United States. Localized breast cancer has a five-year survival rate of 99%, however, the survival rate for patients with distant metastasis is 29 despite improved screening and detection methods. Currently, there are few targeted therapies that specifically inhibit metastasis. Research performed by our lab and others has shown that inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in promoting cancer growth and metastatic potential in cancer cells. While efforts have been made to develop FDA-approved therapeutics for inflammatory cytokines, very few have successfully made it through clinical trials, and several cytokines still lack effective clinical inhibitors. Moreover, choosing the most appropriate therapy for breast cancer is complex since it is dependent on tumor stage, grade, and subtype. Breast cancer subtypes are defined by the tumor’s expression of estrogen receptor (ER+), progesterone receptor (PR+), and epidermal growth factor receptor II (HER2+).
These subtypes, from least invasive to most invasive, are luminal A (ER+ PR+ HER2-), luminal B (ER+/- PR+/- HER2-), HER2-enriched (ER- PR- HER2+), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC; ER- PR- HER2-). Our research aims to identify the role that specific proinflammatory cytokines play in breast cancer by comparing breast cancer patient survival with inflammatory cytokine tumor expression. Our studies will contribute to the information used to determine which patients would best benefit from anti-inflammatory cytokine therapeutics.

The project described was supported by our funding sources: NIH grants R15CA242471, P20GM103408, P20GM109095, and R25GM123927, Murdock (M.J.) Charitable Trust 2000000722, the METAvivor Quinn Davis Northwest Arkansas METSquerade Fund, and the Smylie Family Cancer Fund. We also acknowledge the generosity of the Biomolecular Research Center at Boise State University

Poster #48
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Harnessing Implementation Science Methods to Embed Organizational Climates for Change

First author Mimi Choy-Brown, PhD Assistant Professor Social Work University of Minnesota (1) , Second author Nathaniel Williams, PhD Associate Professor School of Social Work (2), Third author Nallely Ramirez, MSW Project Coordinator Boise State University (3),  Fourth author Alexandra Wilson Research Associate (4), Fifth author Susan Esp, PhD Associate Professor (5)

Background and Purpose: Implementation strategies are needed to improve equitable access to care that is evidence informed and anti-oppressive in order to address disparities in the quality and outcomes of behavioral health services. Significant evidence suggests organizational social context is a critical entry point to shape providers’ behavior and clinical health outcomes. However, from a systems theory perspective, multiple potential pathways exist within a given organizational that lead to a positive outcome and little is known about how organizations accomplish the critical task of embedding strategic climates that support clinical innovations. This multiple case study examined two organizations’ pathways towards embedding climates that supported a new clinical innovation within the context of participation in a large-scale implementation effort.

Methods: Using a mixed methods multiple case study approach and guided by the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainment model, multiple sources of data were integrated to understand the pathways through which leaders embedded organizational climates. Quantitative implementation outcome data (observed fidelity) and staff ratings of organizational climate for implementation at 4 time points across 21 agencies informed sampling of two organizations that succeeded in embedding new climates but varied on organizational characteristics (e.g., size). Case study reports were generated from key stakeholder interviews, recorded regular coaching sessions, participant observation, and documents. Data were independently co-coded followed by an iterative consensus process. Individual case study reports, implementation maps, and conceptual matrices aided in both within and across case analysis. Both quantitative and qualitative data (quant > QUAL) were converged to facilitate depth and breadth of understanding of the phenomena over time.

Results: Two pathways emerged to successfully embed an implementation climate that supports a new clinical innovation. In the first case, previous (failed) experiences with similar innovations and consistency of innovation-organization values fit informed the decision to adopt and dedicate administrative capacity within the organization to support the implementation effort. Dedicating capacity supported other embedding strategies (e.g., selling the innovation to stakeholders, integrating it into policies and procedures, and providing rewards and recognition for its use). In the second case, innovation-organization values fit was also high and the organization made changes to highlight the innovation (e.g., to their mission). However, the approach to embedding climate was more top-down (e.g., less meaningful engagement of provider feedback) and the primary objective was using the innovation to improve the financial bottom line. The first case study also made the business case across stakeholders, but the innovation also sparked conversations in which clinicians were excited about the clinical impact of the new tool, which reinforced and motivated the work necessary to integrate the innovation into already taxed workflows.

Conclusions and Implications: Findings highlight two organizational pathways to embedding new climates that support innovation implementation and illuminate how leaders in human service organizations can create climates that support practices changes that are consistent with existing evidence and ethical mandates. Implications for organizational implementation practice and research will be discussed.

1. 1404 Gortner Avenue MN 55108 Email: mchoybro@umn.edu
2. 1910 University Drive, Education Suite 717 ID 83725 Email: natewilliams@boisestate.edu
3. 83725 Boise State University Email: nallelyramirez@boisestate.edu
4. Boise State University 83725 Email: lexywilson@boisestate.edu
5. Boise State University 83725 Email: susanesp@boisestate.edu

Poster #49
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Leveraging Behavioral Economics in HIV prevention

Miguel Reina Ortiz,1,Alida Gertz,2, Neielle Saint-Cyr,2 Miguel Vasquez,3 Maria-Jose Francois,3 Karen Wint,3 Henian Chen,2 Dinorah Martinez Tyson,2 Stephanie Marhefka,4 Phillip Phan,5 Mario Macis,5 Harsha Thirumurthy.6

1 School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA. 2 College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. 3 Center for Multicultural Wellness and Prevention, Winter Park, FL, USA. 4 College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. 5 Johns Hopkins Carey Business School, Baltimore, MD, USA. 6 Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

The introduction of effective antiretroviral treatment (ART), the subsequent development of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and the realization that undetectable = untransmissible (U=U), serve as a strong foundation for the achievement of UNAID’s 95-95-95 Treatment Targets. It is extremely important to develop strategies effective at modifying behavior with an aim to achieve these targets. Here, we present the preliminary results of a systematic review of studies that have evaluated interventions based on principles of behavioral economics for improving prevention of HIV, retention in care and adherence to ART for people with HIV. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Embase for articles with titles including search terms combining HIV terms, behavioral economics terms, and outcomes terms. We included qualitative and quantitative studies that examined the efficacy of behavioral economics on HIV prevention, linkage to and retention in care, viral suppression, and/or medication adherence. We excluded studies that did not include an intervention, that did not report on outcomes listed previously, and that did not focus on behavioral economics. The initial search resulted in 5288 peer-reviewed papers; 518 duplicates were excluded from the initial review. Two people from the research team undertook independent title and abstract reviews, and full-text reviews. Fifty-nine peer-reviewed papers were included for full-text review. We will discuss the implications of the use of behavioral economics to achieve UNAIDS 95-95-95 Treatment Targets.

Poster #50
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Accelerating Autism Diagnosis using Asynchronous Telehealth Technology

U. Reischl, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho; M. Morrier, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; C. Rice, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; J. Fodor, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho; G. Mitchell, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho; C. Smith, Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center, Phoenix, Arizona; R. Oberleitner, Behavior Imaging Solutions, Boise, Idaho

Background:
Early identification and treatment of autism can prevent additional problems later in a child’s life. However, long wait lists and travel limitations can make it difficult for parents to obtain timely evaluations. Telehealth can provide clinicians with the ability to observe a child’s behaviors in a natural environment (i.e., a home setting) while providing families with the ability to communicate personally with a clinician remotely. The objective of this study was to compare the length of time from referral to the completion of a diagnostic evaluation between two groups of children randomly assigned to either a telehealth group (TH) or a traditional in-person assessment group (IPA).

Methods:
Three tertiary autism diagnostic centers in the US participated in this study. Children were randomly assigned to either an IPA group or a TH group. 27 children were placed into the IPA group and 30 were placed into the TH group. The IPA assessments consisted of the standard in-person evaluation while the Telehealth (TH) assessment was conducted using the remote Naturalistic Observation Diagnostic Assessment (NODA) platform.

Results:
Across the three diagnostic centers participating in this study, the average time from referral to completion of a diagnosis based on IPA was 115 days. Completion of a diagnosis using telehealth platform was 66 days.

Conclusions:
The Telehealth video-capture smartphone‐based technology platform offered an important and significant timesaving advantage for families seeking quality professional autism evaluations for their child in a timely fashion.

Poster #51
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Simplifying Blood Pressure Measurements in Clinical Settings

Uwe Reischl and Conrad Colby, School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University

Background:
Upper arm sphygmomanometry is the most commonly used method to measure blood pressure in adults. However, variations in upper arm circumference and use of different cuff-sizes results in different pressure readings. When using the same cuff size, pressure readings will be higher for larger arm circumferences and lower for smaller arm circumferences. The objective of this study was to identify a universal adjustment factor that will allow pressure readings obtained for any combination of arm circumference and cuff size to be standardized.

Methods:
Interrelationships (correlation) between arm circumference, cuff size and sphygmomanometer pressure readings were examined using data generated by controlled laboratory simulations. The simulations were followed by blood pressure measurements obtained from nineteen healthy human subjects.

Results:
The simulation data revealed a 99% linear correlation between changes in arm circumference coverage and changes in sphygmomanometer pressure readings. Subsequent human subject blood pressure data showed that a 1% change in sphygmomanometer upper arm circumference coverage will result in a 1mmHg change in both systolic and diastolic pressure readings.

Conclusions:
The adjustment factor identified in this study will simplify blood pressure measurements in clinical settings by allowing healthcare providers to standardize blood pressure values obtained for any combination of sphygmomanometer size and arm circumference.

Keywords: Sphygmomanometers, Cuff size, Upper arm circumference, Adjustment factor

Poster #52
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Young and Older adults adopt ‘jerky’ knee motion while walking over challenging surfaces

Dr. Tyler Brown (Faculty Mentor); Matthew V. Robinett, Dept. of Kinesiology, Boise State University; Nicolas L. Hunt, Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University; Tyler N. Brown, Dept. of Kinesiology, Boise State University; Amy E. Holcomb, Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University; Clare K. Fitzpatrick, Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Boise State University

Older adults (> 65 years) tend to increase muscular co-contraction and alter knee joint biomechanics to prevent an accidental fall. These alterations, however, may lead to ‘jerky’ knee motion and greater musculoskeletal injury risk – particularly when walking over a challenging slick or uneven surface. Fifteen young (18 to 25 years) and 13 older adults (> 65 years) had lower limb co-contraction and angular jerk of knee motion quantified during walking task over 3 surfaces (1: normal, 2: slick and 3: uneven). Stance phase vastus lateralis (VL) and lateral hamstring (LH), and VL and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) co-contraction, and sagittal and frontal plane angular knee jerk were submitted to statistical analysis. Significant phase by age (p=0.030) and phase by surface (p<0.001) interactions were observed for sagittal plane knee jerk. Older adults exhibited greater jerk during terminal stance (p=0.027) than young adults, but not other phase. On the uneven surface, participants decreased jerk decreased during pre-swing (p<0.001) and full stance (p=0.002) compared to normal surface, and during pre-swing compared to slick surface (p=0.003). Both phase and surface impacted sagittal (p<0.001; p=0.020) and frontal plane (p< 0.001; p=0.003) jerk. Knee jerk differed during every stance phase of stance (all: p<0.006), except between early and terminal stance for frontal plane jerk (p=0.357). On the uneven surface, sagittal plane jerk and frontal plane jerk were greater than on the normal surface (p=0.49) and frontal plane jerk was greater than the slick surface (p=0.004), respectively. Neither age, surface, nor phase impacted VL:LH or VL:LG co-contraction (p>0.05). Contrary to our hypothesis, older adults did not consistently adopt ‘jerkier’ knee motion to walk over challenging surfaces.

Poster #53
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Patients’ Perspectives About the Influence of Dental Hygienists’ Social Intelligence on Self-Care

Ellen J. Rogo, RDH, PhD; Kathleen O. Hodges, RDH, MS; Jennifer L. Evans, RDH, MS; Department of Dental Hygiene, Idaho State University

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe patients’ perspectives about the influence dental hygienists’ Social Intelligence had on self‐care and to determine differences based on the participants’ gender, generations, and recare intervals.

Methods: This descriptive comparative study was IRB approved. The convenience sample consisted of patients receiving care at a university dental hygiene clinic. Patients were surveyed during the spring of 2019 after dental hygiene care. Data were collected using a self‐designed questionnaire based on the Emotional Competence Framework. Content validity and test-retest reliability of the questionnaire were established prior to administration. The Social Intelligence abilities of Social Awareness and Social Skills were measured. Social Awareness included five capabilities: Empathy, Service Orientation, Developing Others, Leveraging Diversity, and Political Awareness. Social Skills included eight capabilities: Influence, Communication, Leadership, Change Catalyst, Conflict Management, Building Bonds, Collaboration, and Teamwork. Participants rated 26 items about the 13 Social Intelligence capabilities on a 7‐point Likert scale. Participants were instructed to consider interactions with all dental hygienists when responding to the questionnaire.

Results: There were 103 participants. The means of the Social Awareness capabilities ranged from 6.4 to 6.6. The means for the Social Skills capabilities ranged from 6.0 to 6.55. The only statistically significant difference between patients’ perspectives was based on gender (p = 0.013); female participants rated the capabilities higher.

Conclusion: All dental hygienists’ Social Intelligence capabilities positively influenced the patients’ self-care education. Perhaps practitioners and oral healthcare students could benefit from learning about these capabilities and their application to care.

Poster #54
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Shared Risk Lind of Acetaminophen and Cannabidiol for Autism and ADHD

Dr. Gonzalez-Cuevas, Clinical Psychopharmacology, Idaho State University (Faculty Mentor); Sakib, M.A., Idaho State University; Lee, J., Idaho State University; Awale, P., Idaho State University; Gonzalez-Cuevas, G, Idaho State University

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders with symptoms that often co-occur. Although their etiology remains largely unclear, both ASD and ADHD can be induced by perinatal exposure to Valproic Acid (VPA) and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in pre clinically-validated animal models of these disorders. Interestingly, in both clinical and preclinical models of ASD and ADHD, alterations in the endocannabinoid system have been found to mediate core symptomatology and, as a result, cannabinoids are suggested as potential therapeutic agents. Recently, two of the most popular and widely consumed over-the counter anti-inflammatory and non-opioid analgesic drugs during pregnancy, acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol) and cannabidiol or CBD (the second most prevalent ingredient in cannabis), have been shown to increase the risk for ASD and ADHD. These two drugs share a common mechanism of action by inhibiting fatty acid hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme that degrades the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA). It is, therefore, hypothesized here that elevated AEA levels surrounding birth may be a risk factor for both ASD and ADHD. Zebrafish offer a high-throughput and translatable animal model suitable for studying environmental risk factors that can potentially trigger neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD and ADHD during the embryonic stage, as well as later expression of core behavioral symptoms and crucial biomarkers at juvenile/adult stage.

Poster #55
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

A Comparison Between Three Different Ways of Shielding

Lisa Schlegel(Boise State Student), Natalie Mourant Hodges (Faculty Mentor),Lacey Lyons, Madalynn Butler, Irena Sisic, 

The experiment that was conducted investigated the effectiveness of lead shielding for technologists in healthcare settings against scattered x-rays. It was hypothesized that lead shielding would offer a significant amount of protection when used, but would vary in effectiveness depending on the position of the patient and the type of shielding being utilized. This scenario was simulated by taking several different exposures using various types of shielding, phantoms, and positions. Through these methods, the data demonstrated that lead aprons do offer a significant amount of protection against scattered x-rays, but lead aprons are not always 100% effective. Thus, it may be beneficial to employ other shielding tactics such as increasing the technologist’s distance from the x-ray source, using lower techniques, and deploying shorter exposure times.

Poster #56
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Let’s Get Rolling! Muscle Activation of Infant Rolling Movements on a Flat Surface

Danielle Siegel (1), Dr. Safeer Siddicky (1,2), Wyatt Davis (1), Dr. Erin Mannen (1)

1. Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University
2. Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin

Achieving a roll is an important developmental milestone and key motor skill for infants. To initiate and complete a roll, infants must use whole-body, goal-oriented movements that take them from a supine to a prone position. Rolling can also lead to the early identification of motor development delays, which can have a significant impact on a child’s ability to learn new skills. Previous research has defined six different coordinated movements infants use to achieve a roll on a flat surface, but no studies have explored how these movements relate to muscle activation. The purpose of this study is to characterize the muscle activation of infants rolling on a flat surface. Twenty-four infants (6.7±0.7 months, 14M/10F) participated in this IRB-approved study, resulting in seventy-two rolling movements, defined as a supine to lateral rotation of the torso. The infants laid supine on a playmat for five minutes or until a roll was achieved. Surface electromyography sensors recorded muscle activity from the erector spinae, hamstrings, abdominal muscles, and quadriceps. A GoPro camera recorded all trials to identify the coordinated movement type. All six coordinated movements began as a ballistic movement where all muscles fired intensely. After that initial period, the muscle activations were based on the coordination of the limbs. These results demonstrate a promising method to quantify the coordinated movements and muscle activation of infant rolls using a combination of video and electromyography. Future studies exploring how rolling changes with age are required to characterize infant rolling behaviors more robustly over development.

Poster #57
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Viral Inactivation Using a Novel Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

Dr. Ken Cornell, Chemistry and Biochemistry department (Faculty Mentor); Krystal Sosa;  Boise State Graduate Student, Stephanie Rood; Boise State Undergrad student, Sarah Knowlton; Boise State Undergrad Student

During the worldwide pandemic in 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became infamous for causing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has resulted in 89 million cases and over a million deaths in the United States. Two surrogate viruses, Human Coronavirus-229E (HCOV-229E) and Feline Calicivirus (FCV) are used to model SARS-CoV-2 since they have similar structure, but are not BSL-3 pathogens. All 3 of these RNA viruses are encapsulated by a lipid bilayer that plays a vital role in viral infection of host cells and acts as a barrier to protect the nucleocapsid of the virus. These viruses are commonly spread through airborne respiratory droplets but can have fomite-mediated transmission from surface to subsequent individuals. Studies have indicated that these viruses can remain infectious for 3 to 4 days depending on surface type. Thus, surface decontamination is critical in breaking the transmission cycle of these viruses. One novel method for surface decontamination is treatment with Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (CAP). CAP has been shown to safely and effectively treat a variety of surfaces contaminated by viruses and bacteria. We have shown a 99% viral titer reduction with a 30 second plasma treatment. The efficiency of CAPP is due to its ability to create reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). These bioactive species mediate chemical changes through nucleic acids, lipids and proteins.

Poster #58
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Evaluating Current Feeding Practices in Patients with Post-Pyloric Tubes

Amy Spurlock PhD, RN (Boise State University), Jennifer Marsh MSN, RN Boise State University), Teresa Johnson DCN, RDN, FAND (Troy University)

Background: Contrary to recommended guidelines, anecdotal reports of blended tube feeding (BTF) in post-pyloric fed patients is reported in the literature. However, patient experiences with this feeding have not been explored.
Purpose: The purpose was to explore BTF use and experience in post-pyloric patients followed by RDNs
Methods: A 23- item survey was adapted by permission from a previously published study (Johnson et al., 2013) using Qualtrics. A link to the anonymous survey was emailed to RDN participants and placed with permission on the Oley Foundation website. The survey was voluntary. RDN participants were instructed to complete one questionnaire for each post-pyloric BTF patient. Data was analyzed using SPSS with descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: Data was reported for 15 patients on post-pyloric BTF feeding. The top response for receiving BTF was that it was tolerated at a better degree than regular commercial formula (11/15=73.33%). BTF had a higher percent of patients meeting their growth goals/weight goals (10/15=66.67%) than those on commercial formula (4/15=26.67%). Gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea (BTF 2/15=13.33%, commercial 7/15= 46.67%), vomiting (BTF 3/15=20%, commercial 5/15=33.33%), gas and/or bloating (BTF 2/15=13.33%, commercial 6/15= 40%), diarrhea (BTF 0/15-0%, commercial 5/15=33.33=36.84%), and pain (BTF 1/15=6.67%, commercial 3/15=20%) were less frequent in BTF compared to standard commercial formula.
Conclusion: Although enteral feeding guidelines have historically recommended hydrolyzed formulas administered via continuous pump feeding in post-pyloric fed patients, this survey by RDNs reported good outcomes with BTF in continuous or bolus methods.

Poster #59
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

ARCoD: A Serious Gaming Approach to Measure Cognitive Distortions

Assistant Professor Farjana Eishita, Computer Science (Faculty Mentor); Rifat Ara Tasnim, PhD Student, Idaho State University; Farjana Eishita, Assistant Professor, Idaho State University

Cognitive Distortion, defined as erroneous and in- accurate thoughts can cause fatal mental impairment. Identifying the presence of cognitive distortions is the fundamental initiative to treat mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. As a consequence of COVID-19 and the other changes in social aspects, there is an escalation in the number of patients with mental illness. Although there are abundant effective psychotherapy strategies available, a substantial number of people avoid them due to misconceptions and stigma. Serious games can be a feasible solution to purvey mental healthcare to a significant percentage of people. The availability of smartphones unveils the opportunity to provide therapeutic facilities via digital gaming. Technology like Augmented Reality with its interactive features, has unlocked numerous opportunities in the mental health domain. In this paper, we have remodeled our previously proposed game, ARCoD, accessible on smartphones to measure Cognitive Distortions. We hypothesized that, through this game, it is possible to assess the level of 5 different Cognitive Distortions (Arbitrary Inference, Catastrophizing, Black and White Think- ing, Emotional Reasoning, and Labeling) in an individual playing the game. The experimental outcome demonstrates that the level of Cognitive Distortions assessed from the game is exceedingly similar to the measurement accumulated from an established scale- Cognitive Distortion Scale (CDS).

Poster #60
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Radiation Dose for Parents From Pediatric Holding

Lauren Stone, Courtney Scott, Vitaliy Goretoy, and Kelly Tebbe

We researched the radiation dose delivered to family members who help hold or assist their children during chest x-ray exams varies with their position in relation to the x-ray tube. The constants are exposure factors, chest x-ray, the patient receiving the chest x-ray, exam room one, and source image receptor distance (SID). To test this, multiple trials of exposures on a baby doll while using a dosimeter were done in the different positions. The findings determined that the highest average dose occurred at the side of the patient while holding hands and feet.

A Study on Mental Health Practice with Transgender and Gender Expansive Clients in Rural Areas

Veronica Timbers, LCSW, MDIV Boise State University – Clinical Assistant Professor Baylor University- PhD Candidate

It is estimated that one in six transgender and gender expansive (TGE) people live in rural areas. TGE people in these rural spaces have unique strengths and stressors related to visibility, community, and access to care. Rural communities also tend to hold more traditional gender roles and have higher religiosity. This qualitative, grounded theory study centralizes the perspectives of six mental health clinicians who identify as transgender or non binary and who practice with TGE clients in rural areas. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to learn more about contextual factors shaping practice in this region, practice processes related to the integration of religion and spirituality (RS), and clinician training. Results showed that clinician lived experience impacted their decision to specialize in work with TGE clients and was perceived as providing a sense of safety to clients. Lived experience also impacted how cultural factors and religion was integrated into therapy. Practice interventions were most frequently based in behavioral modalities and conflict theory perspectives. All six clinicians reported formal training related to practice with TGE clients but none of the clinicians had formal training in integrating RS topics with TGE clients. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Poster #61
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

The Effects of Thyroid and Gonadal Shielding During Radiographic Imaging

Natalie Mourant (Faculty Mentor),Emily Harding, Traci Foster, Tracie Thompson, Joanie Raftery

Radiation shielding has been practiced since the 1950s. It utilizes lead to protect a patient from unnecessary scatter radiation that can be harmful to the patient while completing a radiologic examination. This research paper covers information on whether shielding provides protection, or if it creates harm by increasing the patient dose due to scatter radiation. In this study, the areas of interest being evaluated were the gonads, breast tissue and thyroid. The goal was to examine the effectiveness of thyroid and gonadal shielding in terms of dose to patients from scatter radiation. Information was extrapolated for each exposure, using a dosimeter to measure the scatter radiation with and without shielding being used. Ultimately, this study examines the viability of shielding and its ability to protect patients from unnecessary doses.
In this study phantoms and dosimeters were used, along with standard lead shields that are used in the medical field. Many exposures were taken with, and without the lead shield. All other variables were also held constant to obtain consistent results. The same techniques were used for identical procedures and were obtained with, and without the shielding. Care was taken to keep the collimation field consistent throughout each exposure. The dosimeter readings indicated that the dose from scatter, with shielding, was insignificant. The outcome demonstrated that the presence of a lead shield made no difference in dose from scatter radiation. Therefore, this study revealed that there is no viable reason to shield the thyroid or gonadal areas in the effort to prevent dose from scatter radiation.

Poster #62
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Evaluation of a Reimagined Dedicated Education Unit Partnership

Max Veltman (Boise State University),Amy Spurlock (Boise State University), Sarah Wegrzyn (Boise State University), et. all

Traditional clinical instruction for nursing students is challenging for many reasons. Students are deprived of meaningful patient care experiences when placed in different areas with different patient care activities within a semester. It’s difficult to maintain consistent instruction when various staff are required to supervise students within an inconsistent, fragmented rotation.

Addressing these issues, an educational model known as the Dedicated Education Unit (DEU) was developed. Originating in Australia, the DEU has morphed into various forms and continues to be utilized in various ways worldwide.

A DEU model holds that a specific unit of the health care facility accepts a limited number of students from a single school, versus having students from different schools on various days. These students are from the same clinical course and engage at the same ‘level’ of caregiving with consistent expectations. There may be different students engaging in patient care on different days of the week, but the expected performance outcomes are consistent. Additionally, the DEU model has a single faculty as the primary point of contact for all students and staff. One clinical instructor promotes consistency, minimizes miscommunication between students and staff, and maximizes the level of trust amongst stakeholders.

In 2022, a DEU was implemented in partnership with St Luke’s. Students were randomly selected to participate in this project two days per week. At the completion of the semester students completed a standardized clinical educational outcome measures tool. These students’ NCLEX preparation test scores were also compared to their non-DEU student participant scores.

Poster #63
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Effects of Antifreeze Proteins on Lipid Membrane Stabilization for Cryopreservation Purposes

Professor Konrad Meister, Chemistry and Biochemistry (Faculty Mentor)

Unwanted ice crystal growth and cellular damage are continuous challenges in traditional cryopreservation processes. Current strategies for cryopreservation require the addition of high concentrations of cell-permeating cryoprotectants such as water-miscible organic solvents (e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol) that involve time-consuming removal methods of toxic traces. However, new cryopreservation processes may be possible by mimicking strategies utilized by organisms to survive colder temperatures. Cold-adapted organisms have evolved nontoxic antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) which can prevent chilling injury through modulation of membrane permeability. Here, I will present the effects of AFP interacting with lipid model membrane systems when exposed to elevated temperatures. By understanding the underlying mechanisms behind AF(G)Ps and lipid membrane interactions, AF(G)Ps can be utilized for biomedical applications to better preserve cells, tissues, and organs.

Poster #64
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Development of antiparasitic drugs to target MTA Nucleosidase in Giardia intestinalis

Dr. Ken Cornell, Chemistry and Biochemistry(Faculty Mentor)

Giardia intestinalis is a parasitic protozoan that causes giardiasis, an intestinal illness that afflicts more than 200 million people annually worldwide. Giardiasis infections stem from ingesting contaminated food and/or water. Treatment includes using a class of nitroimidazole antibiotics, most commonly metronidazole. However, treatment failure is on the rise, with up to 45% of patients reporting treatment failure. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel antibiotic treatments. The parasite-specific enzyme 5’ methylthioadenosine nucleosidase (MTN) is a potential target for new drug development. MTN is critical in the S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) salvage pathways for methionine and adenine required for G. intestinalis survival. Previous research showed Giardia has two MTA nucleosidases that work within the SAM pathway (GI798 and GI885). In this study, the gene for GI885 was amplified from Giardia DNA using PCR, Taq polymerase, and gene-specific primers. The PCR products were analyzed on 1% agarose gel and ligated into the pTOPO plasmid for recombinant expression as a hexahistidine-tagged protein. Ligation reactions were transformed into competent E. coli Top10 cells and positive transformants selected for on Kan50 LB agar plates. Colonies of positive transformants were further analyzed for the presence of the GI885 gene in the correct orientation by PCR, and the desired transforming plasmid was purified and transfected into E. coli BL21(DE3) cells. The expression of GI885 was induced by isopropyl thiogalactoside (IPTG), purified using Cobalt-affinity chromatography, and analyzed purified proteins by SDS-PAGE. The resulting purified enzyme is important for developing novel antibiotics to treat parasitic infections.

Poster #65
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

A Simple and Accessible Tool to Improve Student Mental Health and Wellbeing

Renee Walters PhD, RN, FNP-BC, Cara Gallegos PhD, RN, EBP-C, Margaret Quatraro BSN

Background: Stress and depression negatively impact nursing students. Mindfulness has been shown to improve mental health in a variety of populations.
Methods: This quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study included 32 prelicensure nursing students from a public university in the Pacific Northwest, US. Students used a mindfulness app, Smiling Mind, for four weeks and stress (PSS), depression (BDI) and self compassion (SCS) were measured.
Results: The majority of students used the app at least four times a week for at least 8-10 minutes. Results showed there was a statistically significant reduction in stress, depression, and an increase in total self compassion.
Conclusions: Using a mindfulness mobile app is a promising tool to improve the mental health of students. Our study showed that minimal app usage resulted in significant positive effects. It is a simple, easy, and cost effective intervention that educators can recommend for students to promote mental health wellbeing.

Poster #66
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm

Active Learning in Online Childbirth Education

Jennifer Weaver (Boise State University)

This review paper applies the empirical evidence on active learning to improving online childbirth education. With the transition to online learning brought about by COVID, childbirth education also moved online in large numbers, and current trends suggest this will not be going away with the passing of the pandemic. However, many educators struggle with how to convert their in-person classes into active learning online. Current pedagogical best practices indicate the importance of avoiding lecturing as a primary means of education. This paper looks at the evidence about active learning, and presents some specific suggestions for improving the delivery of online childbirth education.

Poster #67
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Is shielding effective and which type of shield would be the most effective at protecting a pregnant woman’s abdomen?

Jaylynn Wolfe, Natalie Mourant Hodges (Faculty Mentor), Keelee Fisher, Adysen Haines

The role that shielding plays in medical imaging is a controversial subject; but, not when it comes to shielding pregnant females. Shielding is an umbrella term for an object that absorbs radiation to protect sensitive tissues in the individual being irradiated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of shielding in medical imaging practices on pregnant women. A series of images were taken measuring the exit dose, the amount of radiation leaving the body, using different types of shields which can be directly applied to the pregnant population. Sixty images were obtained during this study: fifteen for the four types of shielding. Although in radiology, imaging a pregnant woman is not a common practice in medical imaging due to the effects it can have on the fetus. Of the shielding types, using a roller shield results in the highest effectiveness at preventing unnecessary radiation dose when irradiating a pregnant woman.

Poster #68
Presentation A, 5:30-6:15pm 

The Impact of a Health and Wellness Course on Positive and Negative Affect in College Students

Dr. Lynda Ransdell, Kinesiology (Faculty Mentor); Robin Woodall, Sabina Mursalova, Aurelia Lencioni

College students are experiencing a mental health crisis, and as a result, college counseling services have experienced explosive and increasing demand. In response, colleges are seeking additional ways to help students. Specifically, colleges offer Health and Wellness courses that teach tools to improve health and well-being. Most existing courses focus primarily on physical health and fitness. While changes in physical health can positively impact psychological health, it is important to also provide instruction for improving mental health. Community-based interventions have demonstrated that focusing on positive psychological approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques, can improve negative and positive affect, two important dimensions of mental health. Given the need to further examine the impact of including CBT content in college health and wellness courses, the purpose of this poster is to describe a research study in which the following questions are examined: 1) Will teaching a health and wellness course that includes CBT techniques improve students’ negative and positive affect scores?; 2) If changes in affect are significant, were they mediated by improved cognitive distortion scores?; 3) Will changes in negative and positive affect occur in two college health and wellness courses taught from different theoretical perspectives? This study is an experimental design with pre-and post-tests administered to experimental (BSU) and control groups (CWI). Questionnaire data collected will include a demographic/wellness questionnaire, the PANAS-Gen, and the CD-Quest. We look forward to reporting results from this study in the future.

Poster #69
Presentation B, 6:15-7:00pm

Effects of B4GALNT1 expression on metastatic phenotype and response to treatment in osteosarcoma cell lines

Dr. Jared Barrott, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Faculty Mentor), Fatemeh Zareihajiabadi

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone tumor that has the highest prevalence in adolescents and young adults. Currently, the standard protocol for osteosarcoma treatment consists of surgery and chemotherapy, but despite the progress that has been made in previous decades, still 30-50% of patients experience recurrence.

GD2 is a glycosphingolipid and a member of the ganglioside family that is overexpressed in several tumor tissues such as osteosarcoma and neuroblastoma while having limited expression in most normal tissues.
This glycosphingolipid is synthesized by an enzyme called GD2 synthase that is coded by the B4GALNT1 gene. Recent studies have shown that the expression of B4GALNT1 in cancer cells can be related to a more malignant phenotype.

Purpose: In this study, we sought to understand the effects of B4GALNT1 expression on cancer cells’ behavior and whether the expression of this gene can cause more metastatic phenotype and resistance to chemotherapy.

Methods: In order to confirm the accuracy of our results and conclusions, all steps were performed in two different OS cell lines, HOS and SAOS. We used B4GALNT1 plasmid for overexpression and CRISPR/CAS9 for knocking out the desired gene. The changes in the expression were confirmed using RT-qPCR, comparing them to wild type cell lines.
To evaluate the metastatic phenotype we compared the expression of the mesenchymal marker (N-cadherin) and transcription factors for epithelial to mesenchymal transition (Twist, Snail, and Slug). In the next step, the migration capability of Knocked out, over-expressed and wild type cell lines was compared using 24 hour wound healing assay, and also the proliferation rates were compared over a 2 week period.
In the last step of the experiment, the sensitivity and resistance of each three types of each osteosarcoma cell line were tested using Cisplatin, Methotrexate, and Doxorubicin.

Results and Conclusion: Our results show that B4GALNT1 contributes to characteristics of a metastatic phenotype and chemoresistance in genetically altered osteosarcoma cell lines. This study shows that B4GALNT1 can be a potential gene to target in the treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma.