Address:
Boise State University
Department of Physics
1910 University Drive
Boise, ID 83725-1570
Office: MPCB-419; (208) 426-4003
E-Mail Address: laxmanmainali@boisestate.edu
Experimental Biophysics
Mainali research group is mainly focused in the development and applications of state-of-the-art Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) techniques and methods to study the structure, dynamics and function of model and biological membrane in the systems that are relevant to human health and diseases. Specifically, my group is working on two major research projects:
(1) Interaction of alpha-crystallin with cholesterol bilayer domains in cataract formation: A great deal of evidence suggests that the amount of membrane-bound alpha-crystallin increases with age and cataract progression. I hypothesized that the high cholesterol content and the formation of pure cholesterol bilayer domains decreases the binding of alpha-crystallin to lens membrane, which should protect against cataract development. These studies will provide alternative strategies for preventing and slowing the progression of cataract.
This project was recently funded by National Institutes of Health as an R01 award. $1,500,000 was awarded for 5 years starting September 1st, 2019
(2) Cholesterol membrane domains and cholesterol crystals in atherosclerosis: The major goal of this research is to understand the function of cholesterol, cholesterol bilayer domain and cholesterol crystals in the initiation of the atherosclerotic process. The findings of this research should indicate new potential strategies and targets for the therapy of this disease.
Undergraduate and graduate students interested in any of the research projects, please email me at laxmanmainali@boisestate.edu
*, **, and *** marked authors represent undergraduate students, PhD students, and postdoctoral fellows respectively. @ marked author represents the corresponding author.
1. P. Hazen**, G. Trossi-Torres**, R. Timsina***, N. K. Khadka***, L. Mainali@ Association of Alpha-Crystallin with Human Cortical and Nuclear Lens Lipid Membrane Increases with the Grade of Cortical and Nuclear Cataract. (2024), Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25(3): 1936 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38339214/
2. R. Timsina***, P. Hazen**, G. Trossi-Torres**, N. K. Khadka***, N. K., Kalkat**, L. Mainali@. Cholesterol Content Regulates the Interaction of αA-, αB-, and α-Crystallin with the Model of Human Lens-Lipid Membranes. (2024), Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25(3): 1923 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38339200/
3. K. Khadka***, P. Hazen**, D. Haemmerle*, L. Mainali@ Interaction of βL– and γ-Crystallin with Phospholipid Membrane Using Atomic Force Microscopy. (2023), Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24(21): 15720 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37958704/
4. Hazen**, G. Trossi-Torres**, N. K. Khadka***, R. Timsina***, L. Mainali@. Binding of βL-Crystallin with Models of Animal and Human Eye Lens-Lipid Membrane. (2023), Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24(17): 13600 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37686406/
5. L. Mainali @ , M. Raguz, & W.K. Subczynski @ , Quantification of Age-Related Changes in the Lateral Organization of the Lipid Portion of the Intact Membranes Isolated from the Left and Right Eye Lenses of the Same Human Donor. (2023), Membranes, 13 (2):189.
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/2/189
6. A. E. Enrriques, S. Howard, R. Timsina***, N. K. Khadka***, A. N. Hoover, A. E. Ray, L. Ding, C. Onwumelu, S. Nordeng, L. Mainali, G. Uzer, P. H. Davis, Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilever-Based Nanoindentation: Mechanical Property Measurements at the Nanoscale in Air and Fluid. (2022), J. Vis. Exp., 190, e64497
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36533832/
7. R. Timsina***, S. Wellisch*, D. Haemmerle*, L. Mainali @ , Binding of Alpha-Crystallin to Cortical and Nuclear Lens Lipid Membranes Derived from a Single Lens, (2022), Int. J. Mol. Sci. ,23, 11295
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36232595/
8. N. K. Khadka***, M.-F. Mortimer*, M. Marosvari*, R. Timsina***, L. Mainali@, Membrane elasticity modulated by cholesterol in model of porcine eye lens-lipid membrane, (2022), Exp. Eye Res.,220,109131
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35636489/
9. N. K. Khadka***, R. Timsina***, L. Mainali@, An AFM Approach Applied in a Study of α-Crystallin Membrane Association: New Insights into Lens Hardening and Presbyopia Development, (2022), Membranes,12, 522
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35629848/
10. G. Trossi-Torres**, R. Timsina***, L. Mainali@, Alpha-Crystallin-Membrane Association Modulated by Phospholipid Acyl Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation, (2022), Membranes,12, 455
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35629781/
11. R. Timsina***, G. Trossi-Torres**, J. Thieme*, M. O’Dell**, N. K. Khadka***, L. Mainali@, Alpha-Crystallin Association with the Model of Human and Animal Eye Lens-Lipid Membranes is Modulated by Surface Hydrophobicity of Membranes, (2022), Curr. Eye Res., Accepted, In press. DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2040539
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02713683.2022.2040539
12. R. Timsina*** and L. Mainali@, Association of Alpha‐Crystallin with Fiber Cell Plasma Membrane of the Eye Lens Accompanied by Light Scattering and Cataract Formation, (2021), Membranes, 11, 447.
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/6/447
13. R. Timsina***, G. Trossi-Torres**, M. O’Dell**, N.K. Khadka***, L. Mainali@, Cholesterol and cholesterol bilayer domains inhibit binding of alpha-crystallin to the membranes made of the major phospholipids of eye lens fiber cell plasma membranes, Exp. Eye Res. 206 (2021) 108544.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33744256/
14. N.K. Khadka***, R. Timsina***, E. Rowe*, M. O’Dell**, L. Mainali@, Mechanical properties of the high cholesterol-containing membrane: An AFM study, Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1863 (2021) 183625.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33891910/
15. R. Timsina***, N .K. Khadka***, D. Maldonado*, L. Mainali@, Interaction of alpha-crystallin with four major phospholipids of eye lens membranes, (2021), Exp. Eye Res., 202, 108337.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33127344/
16. L. Mainali@, W. J. O’Brien, R. Timsina***, Interaction of Alpha-Crystallin with Phospholipid Membranes, (2021), Curr. Eye Res., 46, 185-194.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32564617/
17. L. Mainali, W. J. O’Brien, and W. K. Subczynski, Formation of cholesterol Bilayer Domains Precedes Formation of Cholesterol Cyrstals in Membranes Made of the Major Phospholipids of Human Eye Lens Fiber Cell Plasma Membranes (2020), Curr. Eye Res., 45:162-172.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31462080
18. M. Raguz, S. N. Kumar, M. Zareba, N. Ilic, L. Mainali and W. K. Subczynski, Confocal Microscopy Confirmed that in Phosphatidylcholine Giant Unilamellar Vesicles with very High Cholesterol Content Pure Cholesterol Bilayer Domains Form (2019), Cell Biochem. Biophys., 77:309-317.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31625023
19. L. Mainali, W. J. O’Brien, and W. K. Subczynski, Detection of cholesterol bilayer domains in intact biological membranes: Methodology development and its application to studies of eye lens fiber cell plasma membranes (2019), Exp. Eye Res., 178:72-81.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30278157
20. N. Stein, L. Mainali, J. S. Hyde , and W. K. Subczynski, Characterization of the distribution of spin-lattice relaxation rates of lipid spin labels in fiber cell plasma membranes of eye lenses with a stretched-exponential function (2019), Appl. Magn. Reson., 50:903-918. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31244509
21. W. K. Subczynski, M. Pasenkiewicz-Gierula, J. Widomska, L. Mainali, and M. Raguz, High Cholesterol/Low Cholesterol: Effects in Biological Membranes: A Review (2017), Cell Biochem. Biophys.,75:369-385.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28417231
22. J. Widomska, W. K. Subczynski, L. Mainali, and M. Raguz, Cholesterol Bilayer Domains in the Eye Lens Health: A Review (2017), Cell Biochem. Biophys., 75:387-398. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28660427
23. W. K. Subczynski, L. Mainali, M. Raguz, and W. J. O’Brien, Organization of Lipids in the Fiber-Cell Membrane of the Eye Lens (2017), Exp. Eye Res., 156:79-86.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26988627
24. L. Mainali, T. G. Camenisch, J. S. Hyde, and W. K. Subczynski, Saturation Recovery EPR Spin-Labeling Method for Quantification of Lipids in Biological Membrane Domains (2017), Appl. Magn. Reson., 48: 1355-1373.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29805201
25. L. Mainali, M. Raguz, W. J. O’Brien, and W. K. Subczynski, Changes in the Properties and Organization of Human Lens Lipid Membranes Occurring with Age (2017), Curr. Eye Res., 42:721-731.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27791387
26. J.W. Sidabras, R.A. Strangeway, R. R. Mett, J. R. Anderson, L. Mainali, and J.S. Hyde, Hyperbolic-Cosine Waveguide Tapers and Oversize Rectangular Waveguide for Reduced Broadband Insertion Loss in W-band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. II Broadband Characterization (2016), Rev. Sci. Instrum., 87, 034704.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27036800
27. M. Raguz#, L. Mainali#, W. J. O’Brien, and W. K. Subczynski, Amounts of Phospholipids and Cholesterol in Lipid Domains Formed in Intact Lens Membranes: Methodology Development and its Application to Studies of Porcine Lens Membranes (2015), Exp. Eye Res., 140:179-186.
#The first two authors contributed equally to this work
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26384651
28. L. Mainali, J. Vasquez-Vivar, J. S. Hyde, and W.K. Subczynski, Spin-Labeled Small Unilamellar Vesicles with the T 1-Sensitive Saturation-Recovery EPR Display as an Oxygen-Sensitive Analyte for Measurement of Cellular Respiration (2015), Appl. Magn. Reson., 46:885-895.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26441482
29. M. Raguz#, L. Mainali#, W. J. O’Brien, and W. K. Subczynski, Lipid domains in Intact Fiber-Cell Plasma Membranes Isolated from Cortical and Nuclear Regions of Human Eye Lenses from donors of Different Age Groups (2015), Exp. Eye Res., 132:78-90.
#The first two authors contributed equally to this work
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25617680
30. L. Mainali, M. Raguz, W. J. O’Brien, and W. K. Subczynski, Properties of Membranes Derived from the Total Lipids Extracted from the Clear and Cataractous Human Lenses of 61- to 70-Year-Old Donors (2015), Eur. Biophys. J.,44:91-102.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25502634
31. L. Mainali, J.W. Sidabras, T. G. Camenisch, J. J. Ratke, M. Raguz, J. S. Hyde, and W. K. Subczynski, Spin-label W-band EPR with Seven-Loop-Six-Gap Resonator: Application to Lens Membranes Derived from Eyes of a Single Donor (2014), Appl. Magn. Reson.,45:1343-1358.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25541571
32. M. Raguz, L. Mainali, W. J. O’Brien and W. K. Subczynski, Lipid-Protein Interactions in Plasma Membranes of Fiber Cells Isolated from the Human Eye Lens (2014), Exp. Eye Res., 120:138-151.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24486794
33. L. Mainali, M. Raguz, and W. K. Subczynski, Formation of Cholesterol Bilayer Domains Precedes Formation of Cholesterol Crystals in Cholesterol/Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine Membranes: EPR and DSC Studies (2013), J. Phys. Chem. B, 117:8994-9003.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23834375
34. L. Mainali, M. Raguz, W. J. O’Brien, and W. K. Subczynski, Properties of Membranes Derived from the Total Lipids Extracted from the Human Lens Cortex and Nucleus (2013), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1828:1432-1440.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23438364
35. L. Mainali, J. S. Hyde, and W. K. Subczynski, “Using Spin-Label W-band EPR to Study Membrane Fluidity Profiles in Samples of Small Volume (2013), J. Mag. Reson., 226:35-44.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23207176
36. L. Mainali#, M. Raguz#, W. J. O’Brien, and W. K. Subczynski, Properties of Fiber-Cell Plasma Membranes Isolated from the Cortex and Nucleus of the Porcine Eye Lenses (2012), Exp. Eye Res., 97:117-129.
#The first two authors contributed equally to this work
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22326289
37. W. K. Subczynski, M. Raguz, J. Widomska, L. Mainali, and A. Konovalov, Functions of Cholesterol and Cholesterol Bilayer Domain Specific to the Fiber-Cell Plasma Membrane of the Eye Lens (2012), J. Membrane Bio., 245:51-68.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22207480
38. L. Mainali, M. Raguz, and W. K. Subczynski, Phases and Domains in Sphingomyelin-Cholesterol Membranes: Structure and Properties using EPR Spin-Labeling Methods (2012), Eur. Biophys. J., 41:147-159.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22033879
39. M. Raguz, L. Mainali, J. Widomska, and W. K. Subczynski, Using Spin-Label Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) to Discriminate and Characterize the Cholesterol Bilayer Domain (2011), Chem. Phys. Lipids, 164:819-829.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21855534
40. L. Mainali, J. B. Feix, J. S. Hyde, and W. K. Subczynski, Membrane Fluidity Profiles as Deduced by Saturation-Recovery Measurements of Spin-Lattice Relaxation Times of Spin Labels (2011), J. Magn. Reson., 212:418-425.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868272
41. L. Mainali, M. Raguz, and W. K. Subczynski, Phase-Separation and Domain-Formation in Cholesterol-Sphingomyelin Mixtures: Pulse-EPR Oxygen Probing (2011), Biophy. J., 101:837-846.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21843474
42. L. Mainali, M. Raguz, T. G. Camenisch, J. S. Hyde, and W. K. Subczynski, Spin-Label Saturation-Recovery EPR at W-band: Applications to Eye Lens Lipid Membranes (2011), J. Mag. Reson., 212:86-94.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21745756
43. W. K. Subczynski, L. Mainali, T. G. Camenisch, W. Froncisz, and J. S. Hyde, Spin-Label Oximetry at Q- and W-band (2011), J. Magn. Reson., 209: 142-148.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21277814
44. M. Raguz, L. Mainali, J. Widomska, and W. K. Subczynski, The Immiscible Cholesterol Bilayer Domain Exists as an Integral Part of Phospholipid Bilayer Membranes (2011), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1808:1072-1080.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21192917
45. K. A. Earle, L. Mainali, I. D. Sahu, and D. J. Schneider, Magnetic Resonance Spectra and Statistical Geometry (2010), Appl. Magn. Reson., 37:865-880.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20730032
Book Chapter Publication:
46. W. K. Subczynski, J. Widomska, and L. Mainali, Factors Determining the Oxygen Permeability of Biological Membranes: Oxygen Transport Across Eye Lens Fiber-Cell Plasma Membranes (2017), In: H. Halpern, J. LaManna, D. Harrison, B. Epel (eds) Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXIX. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 977:27-34, Springer, Cham.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28685424
1. L. Mainali “John Weil Young Investigator Award 2012 to Laxman Mainali,” International EPR (ESR) Society EPR Newsletter 22 (3), 6-7, 2012.
2. L. Mainali, D. R. Mishra, and M. M. Aryal, “First Principles Calculations to study the Equilibrium Configuration of Ozone Molecule,” arXiv:1102.1051, 2011.
https://arxiv.org/abs/1102.1051
Nawal Khadka, PhD
Preston Hazen, BS
Navdeep Kalkat, MSc
Dieter Haemmerle
Raju Timsina, PhD
Geraline Trossi-Torres, MS (BMOL MS, Thesis Option)
Matthew O’Dell, MS (BMOL MS, Project Option)
Mason Marosvari, BS
Max-Florian Mortimer
Jackson Thieme
Samantha Wellisch
David Maldonado
Erica Rowe